摘要
城市化的快速推进导致城市内绿色空间面积减少、热岛效应和雾霾加剧。容器式屋顶绿化由于其灵活性高、施工便捷、节能环保等优点逐渐成为城市绿化的重要途径之一。研究不同添加比例(5%、10%、15%、20%)的稻壳、小麦及玉米生物炭对基质理化性质的改良效果及其对屋顶径流水质的影响。结果表明:当基质由泥炭、蛭石和砂土按体积比4∶3∶3混合,添加占基质总体积15%的稻壳生物炭,并搭配卡夹式节水种植容器使用时,可降低基质体积质量6.04%,提高毛管持水量以使含水率达到76.01%。此外,该基质改善了屋顶径流的水质,相比于裸露屋面的径流中镉、铬和铅的质量浓度,分别降低了77.53%、98.74%和99.90%。生物炭的添加显著提高了栽培基质的透气性和保水性能,改善了基质中的水分环境,并有助于降低重金属通过雨水淋溶进入地下水和地表水的风险,为干旱地区容器式屋顶绿化的推广应用奠定了基础。
In this study,we conducted a systematic optimization and improvement assessment to address the challenges of inadequate water retention capacity,poor permeability,and limited drainage functionality of substrates used in containerized green roofs in arid regions.By optimizing the ratios of traditional substrates and incorporating 5%,10%,15%,and 20%biochar derived from rice husk,wheat,and corn,we evaluated the physicochemical properties of the modified substrates using the ring knife method.Key parameters such as bulk density,porosity,capillary water holding capacity,and pH value were measured to analyze the impact of different raw materials and additive ratios on substrate performance.Additionally,using a soil column leaching test,plasma mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the concentration of heavy metal ions in the leachate.This analysis assessed the effectiveness of various biocharmodified substrates in purifying the quality of roof runoff.The potential application of containerized green roofing in arid and semi-arid regions was further explored through a screening test of planting containers.The results indicated that a substrate composed of peat,vermiculite,and sand mixed in a volume ratio of 4:3:3,with the addition of rice husk biochar accounting for 15%of the total substrate volume,significantly reduced the bulk weight of the substrate by 6.O4%.Furthermore,when combined with clamp-type water-saving planting containers,this substrate enhanced the water holding capacity of the capillary tubes to as high as 76.01%.Additionally,under simulated rainfall conditions typical of arid and semi-arid regions,the biochar-amended substrate significantly improved the water quality of roof runoff.The concentrations of Cd,Cr,and Pb in the runoff decreased by 77.53%,98.74%,and 99.90%,respectively,compared to runoff from bare roofs.The results demonstrated that the addition of biochar significantly enhanced the air permeability and water retention capacity of the cultivation substrate.When combined with water-saving planting containers,this approach effectively improved the substrate's water environment in arid and semi-arid regions,while also reducing the risk of heavy metal leaching into surface water and groundwater due to rainwater runoff.These findings provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for the promotion and application of containerized rooftop greening in arid areas.
作者
韩融
洪蓉蓉
姬国强
薛萌
谢丹妮
刘晋文
夏凡
韩怡蒙
周剑兴
HAN Rong;HONG Rongrong;JI Guoqiang;XUE Meng;XIE Danni;LIU Jinwen;XIA Fan;HAN Yimeng;ZHOU Jianxing(School of Water and Environment,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China;Shaanxi Xixian Sponge City Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 712000,China;School of Land Engineering,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期4843-4852,共10页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
陕西西咸海绵城市工程技术有限公司合作项目(西咸海绵司合同字[2023]6号)
长安大学研究生科研创新实践项目(300103724076)。
关键词
环境工程学
容器式屋顶绿化
栽培基质
生物炭
种植容器
environmental engineering
container roof greening
cultivation substrate
biochar
planting containers
