摘要
数据是构建数字社会的基石,法律保护数据的规范已经形成了系统的领域法。由于我国践行统一刑法典模式,促使数据领域法中的前置法与刑法呈现分立格局。为了周延保护数据法益、有序惩治不法行为和精准适用数据犯罪,需要推动数据前置法与刑法衔接。然而,当前前置法与刑法之间存在明显的规则差异,使法律衔接陷入困境。基于此,在基本要求层面,应奉行缓和的违法一元论、可罚的违法性论和新型刑法解释方法论。在具体举措方面,首先,应对既有刑法规范作全生命周期解释,最大限度规制各类非法处理数据行为;其次,应对数据作独立性的分类分级式解释,不仅要解除计算机信息系统对数据的限制,还应在区分核心数据、重要数据和一般数据的基础上实行分级保护;最后,应将前置法上的正当化事由嵌入刑法,使之成为刑法上超法规的违法阻却事由。
As data serves as the cornerstone of digital society,China’s legal protections for data have evolved into a systematic body of domain-specific legislation.However,the implementation of a unified criminal code system has created a distinct separation between data pre-law and criminal law.To comprehensively safeguard data-related legal interests,effectively punish illegal activities,and precisely apply data-related criminal penalties,establishing seamless connections between data pre-law and criminal law is imperative.However,there are obvious differences between the current pre-law and the criminal law,which makes the legal connection into a dilemma.To address this,fundamental requirements should adopt a balanced approach:maintaining a moderate legal monism,recognizing the theory of punishable illegality,and implementing innovative criminal law interpretation methodologies.Practical measures include:1.Conducting comprehensive lifecycle interpretations of existing criminal provisions to maximize regulation of illegal data processing activities;2.Data should be interpreted independently and classified,we should not only remove the restrictions of computer information system on data,but also implement hierarchical protection on the basis of distinguishing core data,important data and general data;3.The justification of the pre-law should be embedded in the criminal law,so that it becomes the Unwritten justifications in the criminal law.
作者
童云峰
Tong Yunfeng(Academy for China’s Rule-of-law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620)
出处
《浙江社会科学》
北大核心
2025年第12期60-71,157,共13页
Zhejiang Social Sciences
基金
上海市哲学社会科学规划课题青年项目“数字时代个人信息权益的全生命周期刑法保护研究”(2023EFX010)的阶段性成果。
