摘要
宪法要求校外培训的依法治理必须充分顾及公民的基本权利。基本权利首先划定了校外培训治理的宪法上限,要求国家不得侵害以受教育权与父母教育权为基底的校外培训自由,由此校外培训治理强度受到比例原则的约束。基本权利同时划定了校外培训治理的宪法下限,国家必须充分实现受教育权的社会权面向与对青少年健康权的国家保护义务,不得出现青少年与校外培训机构势力明显不均衡的局面。未来校外培训治理的立法应追加维护教育公平这一立法目的。基于上限,立法应灵活规定学科类校外培训时间、推动非学科类校外培训机构市场准入有序转型、合理界定学科类校外培训机构营利性。基于下限,校外培训治理立法应包含促进型立法,同时加强需求侧治理以符合实践调和原则。
The Constitution requires that the governance of off-campus tutoring should be conducted in accordance with the law and with full respect for citizens’fundamental rights.Fundamental rights first delineate the constitutional upper limit of governance:the state may not infringe upon the freedom of off-campus tutoring,which is grounded in the right to education and parental educational rights.The intensity of governance is therefore constrained by the principle of proportionality.At the same time,fundamental rights also define the constitutional lower limit:the state must give full effect to the social dimension of the right to education and fulfill its state duty of protection regarding the health rights of minors.This prevents minors from being placed in a position of clear imbalance against the forces of off-campus tutoring.Future legislation on the governance of off-campus tutoring should incorporate the legislative purpose of safeguarding educational equity.Based on the upper limit,legislation should flexibly regulate the scheduling of subject-based tutoring,promote the orderly transformation of non-subject-based tutoring institutions in market access,and clearly define the profit-making nature of subject-based tutoring institutions.Based on the lower limit,legislation should include promotional legislation and strengthen demand-side governance so as to comply with the principle of practical concordance.
作者
陈征
吴一豪
Chen Zheng;Wu Yihao
出处
《人权研究》
2025年第4期80-101,共22页
Chinese Journal of Human Rights
基金
北京市社会科学基金重点项目“教育数字化转型中教育公平保障的法治路径研究”(项目号:24FXA002)。
关键词
校外培训治理
受教育权
比例原则
禁止保护不足
governance of off-campus tutoring
right to education
principle of proportionality
prohibiting insufficient protection
