摘要
【目的】探明月季品种艾莎和海洋之心在云南温室种植条件下的生长规律及适应性,为花卉精准栽培管理提供技术支撑。【方法】对采收切花枝后的2个切花月季品种艾莎和海洋之心进行连续外观生长指标监测,运用Logistic数据模型拟合植株外观生长指标变化过程,分析平均积温对2个品种生长规律、植株特点及产量的影响。【结果】生长周期艾莎较长,为43 d;海洋之心为40 d,现蕾和采收均较艾莎提前。株高生长曲线均呈“S”形,现蕾前艾莎生长速率高于海洋之心,现蕾后反之。成花平均株高艾莎、海洋之心分别为59.2 cm、64.0 cm,整个生长期,艾莎、海洋之心的生长速率分别为1.41 cm/d、1.60 cm/d。花梗长度生长期曲线均呈“S”形,艾莎、海洋之心成花平均花梗长度分别为9.68 cm、8.24 cm,平均增长速率分别为0.51 cm/d、0.34 cm/d。花径、花蕾高度生长曲线均呈指数型,艾莎、海洋之心成花平均花径分别为2.87 cm、2.64 cm,平均增长速度分别为1.37 mm/d、1.26 mm/d;平均花蕾高度分别为4.57 cm、4.14 cm,平均增长速度为2.17 mm/d、1.97 mm/d。叶位数、小叶数生长曲线整体均呈“S”形,艾莎成花时叶位数大于海洋之心,艾莎、海洋之心成花平均叶位数分别为14位、11位,平均小叶数分别为55片、47片。采收期开花枝艾莎的5小叶占比最大,为51.40%;海洋之心的7小叶占比最大,为46.04%。植株各叶位的叶面积变化均呈纺锤形,植株总叶面积艾莎、海洋之心分别为1099.10 cm^(2)、1008.85 cm^(2)。艾莎、海洋之心生育期平均积温需求量分别为887.90℃、850.2℃。2个品种株高、叶位数、小叶数生长与平均积温的相关关系曲线均呈“S”形,且与平均积温呈显著正相关,温度越高生长越快。艾莎和海洋之心花香均为微香型,花型均为高脚杯状,单株单茬的成品花数量均为3枝,产量分别为20.78株/m^(2)、20.36株/m^(2)。【结论】艾莎生长周期长,需较高平均积温,海洋之心现蕾和采收早;2个品种株高、花梗长度、叶位数、小叶数生长曲线均呈“S”形,花蕾高度和花径均呈指数型增长,且其株高、叶位数、叶片数与平均积温显著正相关。
【Objective】The growth regularity and adaptability of Jumilia and Nautical rose variety were explored under the greenhouse planting condition to provide a technological support for precision cultivation and management of cut flowers in Yunnan.【Method】The appearance growth indexes of Jumilia and Nautical rose variety were continuously monitored and the changing process of two rose varieties in appearance growth indexes was fitted by using Logistic data model.The effects of average accumulation temperature on growth regularity,plant characteristics and yield of two rose varieties were analyzed.【Result】The growth period of Jumilia and Nautical variety was 43 d and 40 d,and the squaring and harvesting stage of Nautical variety were earlier than Jumilia variety.The height growth curves of two rose varieties both were the“S”type.The growth rate of Jumilia variety was higher than Nautical variety before squaring stage and conversely after squaring stage.The average flower height of Jumilia and Nautical variety was 59.2 cm and 64.0 cm.The growth rate of Jumilia and Nautical variety was 1.41 cm/d and 1.60 cm/d.The growth curves of flower pedicel length of two rose varieties both were the“S”type.The average flower pedicel length and growth rate of Jumilia and Nautical variety was 9.68 cm and 8.24 cm,and 0.51 cm/d and 0.34 cm/d respectively.The growth curves in bud diameter and bud height of two rose varieties both were the exponential type.The average flower diameter and growth rate of Jumilia and Nautical variety were 2.87 cm and 2.64 cm,and 1.37 mm/d and 1.26 mm/d separately.The average bud height and growth rate of Jumilia and Nautical variety were 4.57 cm and 4.14 cm,and 2.17 mm/d and 1.97 mm/d respectively.The growth curves of leaf number and leaflet number of Jumilia and Nautical variety both showed the“S”type and the leaf number of Jumilia variety was higher than Nautical variety.The average leaf number and leaflet number of Jumilia and Nautical variety were 14 and 11,and 55 and 47 respectively.The proportion of the branches with 5 leaflets of Jumilia variety at harvesting stage reached 51.40% while the proportion of the branches with 7 leaflets of Nautical variety at harvesting stage reached 46.04%.The change in leaf area at various leaf position of two varieties showed a spindle shape and total leaf area of Jumilia and Nautical variety was 1099.10 cm^(2)and 1008.85 cm^(2).The demand of average accumulation temperature of Jumilia and Nautical variety was 887.90℃ and 850.2℃ during the whole growth period.The correlation curves between average accumulation temperature and plant height,leaf number,leaflet number all were the“S”type.The plant height,leaf number and leaflet number were positively related to average accumulation temperature significantly and the plants grew fast with increase of temperature.The fragrance of Jumilia and Nautical variety was a faint fragrance type and the flower type showed a standing cup shape.The amount of end flowers per plant and single-crop of two varieties both was 3 branches and the yield of Jumilia and Nautical variety was 20.78 plants/m^(2)and 20.36 plants/m^(2).【Conclusion】Jumilia variety with a longer growth period needs higher average accumulation temperature.The squaring stage and harvesting stage of Nautical variety both earlier than Jumilia variety.The growth curves in plant height,pedicel length,leaf number and leaflet number of two varieties all show the“S”type.The growth curves in bud height and bud diameter of two varieties both show the exponential type.The plant height,leaf number and leaflet number are positively related to average accumulation temperature significantly.
作者
王佳
许轩鸣
刘建华
李佳楠
李玲珊
吕金龙
吕阳
WANG Jia;XU Xuanming;LIU Jianhua;LI Jianan;LI Lingshan;LYU Jinlong;LYU Yang(College of Resources and Environmental Science,State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management/National Academy of Green Agricultural Development,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;Research Center of Yunnan Yuntianhua Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650228;Yunnan Yuntianhua Huajiangpu Technology Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650228,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
2025年第12期127-134,共8页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
云南省科技厅重点研发计划(202102AE090030),(202102AE090053)
院士专家工作站(YSZJGZZ-2022034)
企业研发项目(YTHZWYJY2020009),(YTHZWYJY2021004)。
