摘要
【目的】探明不同移栽方式与施氮水平交互作用对烤烟生长及烟叶经济效益的影响,明确适宜的移栽方式与施氮量,以期为烤烟质量均衡化生产技术体系的优化提供参考。【方法】在黔东南州镇远烟区以云烟87为试材,采用裂区试验设计,设主区(施氮量:低氮121.5 kg/hm^(2)、中氮135.0 kg/hm^(2)、高氮148.5 kg/hm^(2))与副区(移栽方式:常规移栽、井窖式移栽、膜下小苗移栽、鸭嘴式移栽、营养块移栽)共15个处理,研究其对烟苗存活率、烟株农艺性状、叶面热成像、病情指数、外观质量和经济效益的影响。【结果】在移栽方式与施氮水平交互作用下,不同处理对烤烟生长发育和产质量的影响存在差异。其中,在低氮条件下,鸭嘴式移栽处理烟苗成活率达100.00%,大田生育期较短,为117 d;农艺性状表现较好,对高温胁迫下烤烟的生长具有一定缓解作用;烤烟病害发生水平较低,花叶病、赤星病、黑胫病的病株率和病情指数分别为1.12%和0.80、29.00%和5.56、6.67%和8.89;外观质量总分最高(7.36分),表现为烟叶颜色橘黄、成熟、结构尚疏松、身份中等、油分有、色度中;产量、均价、产值和上等烟比例均最大,分别为2246.75 kg/hm^(2)、27.25元/kg、61221.02元/hm^(2)和64.66%,且成本投入最少,为5488.75元/hm^(2)。【结论】低施氮量(121.5 kg/hm^(2))结合鸭嘴式移栽的栽培技术模式可有效促进烤烟生长发育进程,改善烤后烟叶综合品质,提高经济效益。该模式在黔东南州镇远烟区表现出良好的适应性与应用效果,可作为优化技术推广应用。
【Objective】The effects of interaction between different transplanting patterns and different nitrogen application rates on growth and economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco were investigated to determine the optimal transplanting pattern and nitrogen application rate and to provide a reference for optimizing the quality balanced production technical system of flue-cured tobacco.【Method】The split-plot experimental design with main plot of three nitrogen rates(121.5 kg/hm^(2),135.0 kg/hm^(2)and 148.5 kg/hm^(2))and subplot of 5 transplanting patterns(conventional transplanting,well-pit transplanting,seedling transplanting under plastic film,duck-billed transplanting and nutrient block transplanting)was used to study the effects of interaction between different transplanting pattern and different nitrogen application rate on seedling survival rate,agronomic traits,leaf surface thermal image,disease index,appearance quality and economic benefits of Yunyan 87,a major flue-cured tobacco variety.【Result】There were differences in growing development,yield and quality of Yunyan 87 among different treatments under the interaction between transplanting patterns and nitrogen application rates.The seedling survival rate and field growth period of flue-cured tobacco under the duck-billed transplanting pattern with 121.5 kg/hm^(2)nitrogen application rate were 100.00% and 117 d,and its performance in agronomic traits was better.The duck-billed transplanting pattern with 121.5 kg/hm^(2)nitrogen application rate had a certain alleviation effect on growth of flue-cured tobacco seedlings under high temperature stress.The disease incidence and indexes of mosaic virus,brown spot and black shank under the duck-billed transplanting pattern with 121.5 kg/hm^(2)nitrogen application rate were 1.12% and 0.80,29.00% and 5.56,and 6.67% and 8.89 respectively.Total score in appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves with orange-yellow color,maturity,moderately loose structure,medium thickness,reasonable oil content and medium chromaticity reached 7.36.The yield,average price,output value,first-class tobacco ratio and cost input of Yunyan 87 under the duck-billed transplanting pattern with 121.5 kg/hm^(2)nitrogen application rate were 2246.75 kg/hm^(2),27.25 Yuan/kg,61221.02 Yuan/hm^(2),64.66% and 5488.75 Yuan/hm^(2)respectively.【Conclusion】The duck-billed transplanting pattern with 121.5 kg/hm^(2)nitrogen application rate can promote growing development of flue-cured tobacco plants,improve comprehensive quality of cured tobacco leaves and increase its economic benefits.The duck-billed transplanting pattern with 121.5 kg/hm^(2)nitrogen application rate with the good adaptability and application effects in Zhenyuan tobacco-growing region,Southeast Guizhou Prefecture,should be used as the optimized technology for popularization and application in tobacco production.
作者
邱坤
吴芳
陈晶
李冬
韩丹
魏姚远
邵惠芳
杨如松
柳强
QIU Kun;WU Fang;CHEN Jing;LI Dong;HAN Dan;WEI Yaoyuan;SHAO Huifang;YANG Rusong;LIU Qiang(Qiandongnan Branch Company,Guizhou Tobacco Company,Kaili,Guizhou 556000;Tobacco College,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
2025年第12期49-59,共11页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
贵州省烟草公司黔东南州公司科技项目“基于移栽方式的黔东南州烟叶提质增效技术研究及应用”(2022522600200046)
中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目“黔东南烟区土壤板结消减关键技术研究及应用”(2023XM13)。
关键词
烤烟
鸭嘴式移栽
低氮水平
农艺性状
外观质量
经济效益
flue-cured tobacco
duck-billed transplanting
low nitrogen level
agronomic trait
appearance quality
economic benefit
