摘要
【目的】探究施入不同用量的含碳有机肥对棉花生物量、养分积累量、产量以及土壤养分含量的影响,以期为当地棉花生产提供参考。【方法】2022―2023年,在新疆塔城地区乌苏市开展田间试验。设置6个处理:不施肥(CK),不施含碳有机肥(C0),全生育期施用含碳有机肥400 kg·hm^(-2)、800 kg·hm^(-2)、1200 kg·hm^(-2)、1600 kg·hm^(-2)(分别记为C400、C800、C1200、C1600处理)。分析不同含碳有机肥施入量对棉花地上部干物质质量、氮磷钾的积累与分配、产量及土壤养分含量的影响。【结果】2022―2023年,棉花秸秆、纤维、棉籽及地上部的干物质质量与氮、磷、钾的积累量以及籽棉产量均随着含碳有机肥施入量的增加整体呈升高趋势。C1600处理下纤维干物质质量占比高于其他处理。CK处理的秸秆、纤维氮积累量占比最低,棉籽氮积累量占比最高;与C0处理相比,施用含碳有机肥对棉花地上部各部位的磷、钾积累量占比没有明显影响。C1600处理下的籽棉产量最高,较CK、C0处理分别显著增加53.79%~83.34%、8.95%~11.77%。2023年棉花收获后,0~20 cm土层土壤的有机碳、硝态氮、铵态氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量以及20~40 cm土层速效钾的含量均随着含碳有机肥施用量的增加呈现上升趋势。【结论】本试验条件下,施用1600 kg·hm^(-2)含碳有机肥利于提高土壤养分含量,促进棉花对氮、磷、钾的吸收,提高棉花地上部干物质质量,获得最高的籽棉产量。
[Objective]This research aimed to study the effects of different amounts of carbon-containing organic fertilizer on cotton biomass,nutrient accumulation,yield,and soil nutrient content to provide a reference for local cotton production.[Methods]From 2022 to 2023,field experiments were conducted in Wusu City,Tacheng Prefecture,Xinjiang.Six treatments were set up:no fertilization(CK),no application of carbon-containing organic fertilizer(C0),and application of carbon-containing organic fertilizer at 400 kg·hm^(-2),800 kg·hm^(-2),1200 kg·hm^(-2),and 1600 kg·hm^(-2) throughout the cotton growth period(referred to as C400,C800,C1200,C1600,respectively).The effects of different amounts of carbon-containing organic fertilizer on the aboveground dry matter mass;accumulation and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium of cotton;yield;and soil nutrient content were analyzed.[Results]From 2022 to 2023,the dry matter mass,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium of cotton straw,fiber,cottonseed,and aboveground parts;and seed cotton yield all showed an overall upward trend with the increase of carbon-containing organic fertilizer application.The proportion of dry matter mass in fiber under C1600 treatment was higher than that in the other treatments.CK treatment exhibited the lowest proportion of nitrogen accumulation in straw and fiber but the highest proportion of nitrogen accumulation in cottonseed.Compared with C0 treatment,the application of carbon-containing organic fertilizer showed no obvious effect on the proportion of phosphorus and potassium accumulation in various aboveground parts of cotton.The seed cotton yield under C1600 treatment was highest,significantly increasing by 53.79%-83.34%and 8.95%-11.77%,respectively,compared with CK and C0 treatments.After harvesting cotton in 2023,the contents of organic carbon,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the 0-20 cm soil layer,as well as the content of available potassium in the 20-40 cm soil layer,all showed an upward trend with the increasing application rate of carbon-containing organic fertilizer.[Conclusion]Under the conditions of this experiment,the application of 1600 kg·hm^(-2) carbon-containing organic fertilizer is beneficial for increasing soil nutrient content,promoting cotton's uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium;increasing cotton aboveground dry matter mass;and achieving the highest seed cotton yield.
作者
李亚莉
唐亚莉
李源
藏旭龙
李青军
Li Yali;Tang Yali;Li Yuan;Zang Xulong;Li Qingjun(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Tacheng Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Tacheng,Xinjiang 834700,China)
出处
《棉花学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期390-400,共11页
Cotton Science
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区科技计划项目(2025E01018)。
关键词
含碳有机肥
棉花
产量
土壤养分含量
干物质质量
养分吸收
carbon-containing organic fertilizer
cotton
yield
soil nutrient content
dry matter mass
nutrient uptake
