摘要
在气候变迁背景下,中国以煤为主的能源结构面临能源安全保障与深度减排的双向压力,如何兼顾两者成为实现“双碳”目标的关键。本文从我国煤炭绿色低碳发展中面临的问题出发,聚焦煤电产业采用捕集、利用和封存技术实现碳负排放的难题,重点探讨该项技术实现可持续高质量发展的技术创新及前景。通过国内外各类二氧化碳捕集技术及其路线的梳理,总结碳捕集方法的特点和应用情况,分析CO_(2)运输的方法及经济评价的方式;整理归纳目前比较主流的各类CO_(2)地质封存和矿物利用技术路线,并结合技术原理、类型和特点开展综合对比评估,通过比对能效和经济性水平,分析不同类型技术的发展潜力以及规模化发展前景,并在此基础上探讨不同类型技术对我国现阶段煤电产业转型发展的适用性和主要瓶颈问题。结果表明:二氧化碳捕集、利用和封存技术处于由示范迈向商业化初级阶段,在现有捕集方式(富氧燃烧、化学吸收)的基础上已经开展了部分技术优化,封存方式主要有地质封存、矿物利用等,已进入或正在开发工业级利用应用领域,并伴随碳排放约束和碳价格的变化,导致二氧化碳封存、利用成本下降。产业支持政策正从国家到各级地方政府推进。CCUS不仅是一项重要温室气体减少技术,也是我国电力行业受制于煤炭能源发电现状、减少碳排放的约束条件的重要方法路径和技术手段,更是实现我国“双碳”目标的重要技术。
Under the background of climatic warming,China's coal-based energy structure faces the dual pressures of energy security and deep emissions reduction.How to balance these two aspects has become a key issue in achieving the dual carbon goals.Starting from the problems faced by China's green and low-carbon development of coal energy under carbon neutrality,this paper focuses on the difficulties of achieving carbon negative emissions through the technology of capture,utilization and storage in coal-fired power generation,and the technological innovation and prospects of this technology in China's path to sustainable and high-quality development as well.By reviewing various domestic and foreign carbon dioxide capture technologies and routes,the characteristics and application of carbon capture methods are summarized,the methods of CO_(2)transportation are analyzed and economic evaluation are given.The various currently mainstream CO_(2)geological storage and mineral utilization technology routes are sorted out and summarized.A comprehensive comparative evaluation is conducted based on the technical principles,types,and characteristics.By comparing energy efficiency and economic levels,the development potential of different types of technologies and routes,as well as the prospects for large-scale development,are analyzed.The applicability of different types of technologies to the current coal-fired power transformation and development in China and the main bottlenecks are discussed.Results indicate that CO_(2)capture,utilization,and storage technologies are in the early stages of transitioning from demonstration to commercialization.Some technical optimization has been conducted on existing major capture methods,such as oxygen-enriched combustion and chemical absorption.Storage methods,such as geological storage and mineral utilization,have entered into or being developed for industrial-scale applications.Driven by changes in carbon emission constraints and carbon prices,the costs of CO_(2)storage and utilization decrease.Industry support policies are being implemented at the national and local levels.CCUS is not only an important greenhouse gas reduction technology but also a crucial methodological and technical means to mitigate carbon emissions within the current constraints of coal-fired power generation in China's power industry.It is also a crucial technological path to achieving dual carbon goals(carbon neutrality)in China.
作者
蒋庭军
高群翔
陈文琦
钱猛
张伊甸
黄玉磊
胡文平
JIANG Tingjun;GAO Qunxiang;CHEN Wenqi;QIAN Meng;ZHANG Yidian;HUANG Yulei;HU Wenping(Zhejiang Zheneny Green Energy Power Development Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310009,China;China Electric Power Planning&Engineering Institute,Beijing 100120,China)
出处
《能源工程》
2025年第6期18-28,共11页
Energy Engineering
关键词
碳捕集、利用与封存
煤电低碳化
技术经济性
碳中和
carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)
coal-fired power decarbonization
techno-economic analysis
carbon neutrality
