摘要
针对不同雨型与水土保持措施对红壤坡地产流产沙的作用机制,本研究基于植被措施(ST1)、耕作措施(ST2)、工程措施(ST3)和对照(CK)四种坡面径流小区连续观测的103场侵蚀性降雨—径流泥沙数据,运用K-均值聚类法划分不同雨型(A、B、C),并结合Pearson相关性分析研究不同雨型和水土保持措施下降雨—径流—泥沙的关系。研究表明:B类降雨(小雨量/短历时/高雨强)和C类降雨(中雨量/中历时/中雨强)占比分别为47.6%、42.7%,是区域的主导雨型,A类降雨(大雨量、长历时、低雨强)占比为9.7%;植被措施(ST1)在所有雨型下产流产沙效果均表现稳定;耕作措施(ST2)对于A类和B类雨型的减沙效果显著,但减流效果较弱,泥沙控制优于径流调控;工程措施(ST3)仅对B类降雨有效,而在A类和C类降雨中径流量和泥沙量均大于对照小区(CK);生物覆盖与微地形改造可显著弱化降雨对产流产沙的驱动作用,而工程措施因结构限制和植被覆盖不足易在长历时降雨中失效。基于此,建议优先采用“植被覆盖+横坡间作”组合措施,以应对复杂降雨条件,为南方红壤坡地水土流失防治提供科学依据。
Based on the mechanisms of different rainfall types and soil-water conservation measures on runoff and sediment yield of red soil sloping lands,this study analyzed 103 erosive rainfall-runoff-sediment datasets from four continuously monitored slope runoff plots:vegetation measures(ST1),tillage measures(ST2),engineering measures(ST3),and control(CK).Using K-means clustering to classify rainfall types(A,B,C)and combing Pearson correlation analysis,this study revealed the relationships between rainfall characteristics and measure effectiveness.The research demonstrated:1)the dominant rainfall types in the region were Type B and C,accounting for 47.6%and 42.7%respectively;2)vegetation measures(ST1)exhibited stable runoff and sediment reduction across all rainfall types;3)tillage measures(ST2)showed significant sediment reduction for Type A and B rainfall but weaker runoff control,indicating superior sediment over runoff management;4)engineering measures(ST3)were effective only for Type B rainfall,while runoff and sediment yields under Type A and C rainfall exceeded those in the control plots(CK);5)biological cover and micro-topography modification significantly weakened rainfall-driven runoff and sediment processes,whereas engineering measures failed during prolonged rainfall due to structural limitations and insufficient vegetation cover.Accordingly,priority implementation of combined"vegetation cover+contour intercropping"measures is recommended to adapt to complex rainfall conditions,providing a scientific basis for soil and water loss control in southern red soil sloping lands.
作者
吴治玲
伍冰晨
张华明
WU Zhiling;WU Bingchen;ZHANG Huaming(Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering,Nanchang Jiangxi,330029,China;Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Watershed Soil and Water Conservation,Nanchang Jiangxi,330029,China;Jiangxi Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Water Engineering in Poyang Lake Basin,Nanchang Jiangxi,330029,China)
出处
《江西水利科技》
2025年第6期432-438,共7页
Jiangxi Hydraulic Science & Technology
基金
江西水利科技项目(202224ZDKT12,202425YBKT08)。
关键词
降雨特征
产流产沙
水土保持措施
红壤坡地
Rainfall characteristics
Runoff and sediment yield
Soil and water conservation measures
Red soil slope
