摘要
鄱阳湖是我国第一大淡水湖泊,兼具过水型、吞吐型、季节性的典型特征。近年来,湖区水文情势呈现枯水期提前、枯水位下降、枯水期延长趋势,使得枯水期湖区流场、淹没频率、淹水时长、淹水面积等水动力条件发生了一系列变化,进而影响湖区水质、湿地植被生长、鱼类栖息等。文章系统综述了2003年后鄱阳湖水文情势演变及枯水期水动力格局变化,重点分析了枯水期水动力变化对水生态环境的影响,并探讨了通过鄱阳湖水利枢纽调控枯水期水动力对湖区生态环境问题的改善。分析主要结论如下:2003年后鄱阳湖水文节律表现为“丰枯急转”,枯水位降低呈现常态化;水文节律下,枯水期湖区整体水体流动性增强,退水加速,整体淹没面积大幅减小,淹没频率减小、淹水时长缩短;枯水期水动力变化导致湖区水环境容量下降、滩地提前出露、水生生物生境面积萎缩等,从而引发鄱阳湖水质恶化、湿地植被面积和分布变化、水生生物生存质量下降等问题。因此,采用工程手段调控鄱阳湖枯水期水动力条件,是改善湖区水生态环境的有效手段。
As the largest freshwater lake in China,Poyang Lake is characterized by its typical features of water flow,tidal exchange,and seasonality.In recent years,the hydrological situation in the lake area shows a trend of early dry season,decreased dry water level,and increased dry season.A series of changes occur in the hydrodynamic conditions of the Poyang Lake during the dry season,including the flow field,flooding frequency,duration,and area,which affect the water quality,wetland vegetation growth,and fish habitat.This study reviews the evolution of hydrological conditions and the changes in the hydrodynamic pattern during the dry season in Poyang Lake after 2003.It focuses on analyzing the impact of hydrodynamic changes during the dry season on the aquatic ecological environment and explores the improvement of the ecological environment by the regulation of the Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Hub.The main findings are as follows:the hydrological rhythm of Poyang Lake shows a pattern of rapid transition between flood and drought after 2003,and the decrease in low water level becomes normalized;the water flow of Poyang Lake water increases,accelerating the retreat of water,significantly reducing submerged area,decreasing the frequency of flooding,and shortening the flooding duration during the dry season;the hydrodynamic changes during the dry season lead to the decrease in the water environment capacity of Poyang Lake,early exposure of floodplains,and shrinkage of aquatic habitats,which result in the deterioration of water quality,changes in wetland vegetation area and distribution,and degradation of aquatic life.In conclusion,engineering-based regulation of Poyang Lake's dry-season hydrodynamic conditions serves as an effective approach to improve the lake's aquatic ecological environment.
作者
陈江
夏阳
孙继万
吴敦华
邓国荣
CHEN Jiang;XIA Yang;SUN Jiwan;WU Dunhua;DENG Guorong(Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Hub Construction Office of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang Jiangxi,330009,China;Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering,Nanchang Jiangxi,330029,China;Jiangxi University ofWater Resources and Electric Power,Nanchang Jiangxi,330099,China;Key Laboratory of Hydrologic-cycle andHydrodynamic System of Ministry of Water Resources,Nanjing Jiangsu,210098,China)
出处
《江西水利科技》
2025年第6期408-414,共7页
Jiangxi Hydraulic Science & Technology
基金
江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20252BAC200349,20252BAC200252)。
关键词
鄱阳湖
枯水期
水动力
水生态环境
鄱阳湖水利枢纽
Poyang Lake
Dry season
Hydrodynamic changes
Aquatic ecological environment
Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Hub
