摘要
本文总结了辣椒品种华螺305的选育过程、特征特性及高产栽培技术。该品种是以23XZ494为母本、21XZ493为父本,通过杂交、多代筛选及系统鉴定育成的辣椒品种。品种特征特性方面,其全生育期170 d,株高70 cm、株幅62 cm,单株结果数约22个;果实全螺形、褶皱密集,纵径26~28 cm、横径约4.0 cm,单果重55 g,皮薄质脆、辣味适中;维生素C含量76.6 mg/100 g,辣椒素含量0.10%;抗逆性表现为抗旱性强、耐低温弱光;抗病性方面,对黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、烟草花叶病毒(TMV)表现为抗(R)。区域试验中,该品种较对照品种37-94增产9.5%~12.2%;2024年生产示范平均产量2664.9 kg/667 m^(2)。华螺305的栽培技术要点为:早春大棚种植密度2800~3200株/667 m^(2),苗龄60~70 d;秋延大棚种植密度3200~3600株/667 m^(2),苗龄35~40 d。该品种耐热性较弱,35℃以上高温会抑制其生长;酸性土壤中易感染青枯病,需针对性调控田间温度,并施用生石灰150 kg/667 m^(2)进行土壤改良。本文为华螺305的推广应用提供参考。
This study summarized the breeding process,characteristics,and high yield cultivation techniques of a pepper variety Hualuo 305.Developed through hybridization,multi-generational selection,and systematic identification,the variety was bred with 23XZ494 as the female parent and 21XZ493 as the male parent.In terms of agronomic traits,its total growth period was 170 days,with a plant height of 70 cm and a plant spread of 62 cm,and each plant produced approximately 22 fruits.The fruits exhibited a full spiral shape with dense wrinkles,measuring 26-28 cm in longitudinal diameter,about 4.0 cm in transverse diameter,and 55 g in single fruit weight,characterized by thin skin,crisp texture,and moderate pungency.Nutritionally,it contained 76.6 mg/100 g of vitamin C and 0.10% of capsaicin.In terms of stress resistance,the variety showed strong drought tolerance and tolerance to low temperature and weak light;regarding disease resistance,it was resistant(R)to cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)and tobacco mosaic virus(TMV).In regional trials,Hualuo 305 outyielded the control variety 37-94 by 9.5%-12.2%;in the 2024 production demonstration,the average yield reached 2664.9 kg/667 m^(2).The key cultivation techniques of Hualuo 305 were as follows:for early spring greenhouse planting,the density was 2800-3200 plants per 667 m^(2)with a seedling age of 60-70 days;for autumn-delayed greenhouse planting,the density was 3200-3600 plants per 667 m^(2)with a seedling age of 35-40 days.This cultivar exhibited weak heat tolerance,and temperatures above 35℃ inhibited its growth;it was susceptible to bacterial wilt in acidic soils.Therefore,targeted regulation of field temperature was required,and 150 kg of quicklime per 667 m^(2)was applied for soil improvement.This study provided a reference for the popularization and application of Hualuo 305.
作者
权辉
穆克利
QUAN Hui;MU Keli(Horticulture Station of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Xiaoxian,Xiaoxian 235200,China;Anhui Huaqiang Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Xiaoxian 235200,China)
出处
《安徽农学通报》
2025年第24期44-46,共3页
Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin
关键词
辣椒
华螺305
全螺果形
高产栽培
pepper
Hualuo 305
full spiral fruit type
high yield cultivation
