摘要
探究使用训练休息等比聚组(Equal Work-to-Rest Ratio, EW:R)诱导陆军士兵后激活增强效应(Post-activation Potentiation Enhancement, PAPE)的最佳速度损失阈值。采用随机重复测量的实验设计,20名福建省某陆军部队士兵进行4次不同速度损失阈值(0%VL、5%VL、10%VL和15%VL)的诱导PAPE的EW:R练习。使用GymAware测速仪和SmartJump测力垫对深蹲平均速度以及不同速度损失(Velocity Loss, VL)的聚组训练前和训练后的10 s、4 min、6 min、8 min和12 min时,反向纵跳(Counter Movement Jump, CMJ)的跳跃高度、峰值输出功率(Peak Power Output, PPO)和跳跃动量进行监测,并记录各组别深蹲重复次数。采用重复测量方差分析不同VL和休息时间(4×6)CMJ的跳跃高度、PPO和跳跃动量。采用单因素方差分析PAPE方案中的深蹲重复次数,同时采用配对样本t检验和Cohen'd效应量来检测基线和激活后各时间点CMJ的跳跃高度、PPO和动量的标准化平均差异。结果表明:0%VL下休息6 min和5%VL下休息8 min对CMJ的跳跃高度、PPO和跳跃动量有显著提高;0%VL的重复次数显著低于10%VL和15%VL,0%VL和5%VL呈现显著差异,而5%VL和10%VL未呈现显著差异;5%VL、10%VL和15%VL下休息10 s, CMJ的跳跃高度、PPO和跳跃动量均出现显著降低。得出结论:在陆军体能训练中,利用VL结合EW:R诱导PAPE时,0%VL下休息6 min或5%VL下休息8 min的激活方案均可使士兵在实践场景中,表现出较高的下肢爆发力水平。教练员及相关从业者可以根据训练者现实情况和训练的时间安排,在实际应用过程中选择相应的训练方案。
Objective:To explore the optimal velocity loss threshold for inducing post-activation potentiation enhancement(PAPE)in army soldiers using an equal work-to-rest ratio(EW:R).Method:A randomized,repeated-measures experimental design was used.Twenty soldiers from an army unit in Fujian Province all underwent four training-rest isometric plyometric exercises at different velocity loss thresholds(0%,5%,10%,and 15%VL)to induce PAPE.The average speed of the squat and the jump height,peak power output(PPO)and jump momentum of the counter movement jump(CMJ)at 10s,4min,6min,8min and 12min before and after the cluster training at different VL were monitored using the GymAware speedometer and SmartJump force mat.The number of squat repetitions in each group was also recorded.Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the jump height,PPO and momentum of the CMJ at different VL and rest times(4×6).A one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the number of repetitions of the squat in the PAPE protocol.Paired sample t-tests and Cohen's d effect size were also used to detect the standardized mean difference in jump height,PPO and momentum of the CMJ between baseline and each post-activation time point.Results:6 min rest at 0%VL and 8 min rest at 5%VL significantly increased CMJ height,peak power output and momentum were significantly improved;The number of repetitions in the 0%VL group was significantly lower than that in the 10%VL and 15%VL groups,and there was a significant difference between 0%VL and 5%VL,while 5%VL and 10%VL did not show no significant difference;The height of the CMJ,peak output power and momentum at 10s under 5%VL,10%VL and 15%VL were significantly reduced.Conclusion:In Army physical training,when PAPE is induced using VL combined with EW:R,an activation protocol of 6 min of rest at 0%VL or 8 min of rest at 5%VL can enable soldiers to exhibit higher levels of lower limb explosive strength in practical scenarios.It is recommended that soldiers with a high physical fitness level adopt the activation protocol of 6 min of rest at 0%VL,and soldiers with a lower physical fitness level adopt the activation protocol of 8 min of rest at 5%VL.
作者
王红英
毛雅旭
张学森
毛永
WANG Hongying;MAO Yaxu;ZHANG Xuesen;MAO Yong(Physical Education Institute of Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China;Weifang Sports School,Weifang 261031,China)
出处
《体育科学研究》
2025年第6期69-77,共9页
Sports Science Research
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“我国竞技体育科技成果服务军事训练提高军队战斗力研究”(21BTY120)。
关键词
军事体能
后激活增强效应
下肢爆发力
聚组训练
速度损失阈值
military physical fitness
post activation enhancement effect
lower limb explosiveness
group training
speed loss threshold
