摘要
海南岛作为中国唯一的热带岛屿省份,拥有得天独厚的自然生态条件,孕育了丰富的野生茶树资源。本研究以海南岛野生茶树为研究对象,通过文献查阅和实地调查相结合的方法,系统研究海南岛野生茶树资源的分布范围,并采用曲线回归分析法,构建树高、冠幅、胸径和地径之间的生长模型。结果表明:(1)海南岛五指山、保亭、琼中、白沙、乐东和陵水等市(县)野生茶树资源分布的经度范围为108.85°E~109.91°E,纬度范围为18.21°N~19.19°N,海拔范围为357.0~1410.6 m,主要分布于次生林和人工茶园中,郁闭度波动较大;(2)研究区域内野生茶树资源以片状分布为主,初步调查到野生茶树共6915株,其中,五指山的野生茶树数量最多,共4461株,占总量的64.51%。野生茶树径级结构呈现正态分布,Ⅱ级幼树占主体(40.68%),Ⅰ级幼苗次之(25.29%),Ⅴ~Ⅵ级大径级野生茶树仅有2.22%,显示出明显的幼龄化结构。(3)五指山冠幅最大值(11.5 m)和树高最大值(26.0 m)均高于其他调查地,其冠幅变异系数(56.53%)和树高变异系数(53.87%)也高于其他调查地,冠幅/树高比值为0.62;(4)海南岛野生茶树树高-冠幅、树高-胸径和胸径-地径最优回归曲线为三次函数曲线,表达式分别为:H=0.614+0.014C-0.258C2+2.13C3(R^(2)=0.488,h<700 m)、H=1.949-0.001D+0.020D^(2)+0.248D^(3)(R^(2)=0.340,700 m≤h<1300 m)、D=-0.726+0.001d-0.024d2+1.026d3(R^(2)=0.887,h≥1300 m)。通过研究海南岛野生茶树资源分布特点,探讨野生茶树生长模型曲线回归方程拟合,为海南省国家公园生态监测、茶树种质资源库建设及茶叶产业绿色认证提供服务,助力“碳中和”目标下的热带森林碳汇管理与生态产品价值实现。同时,海南野生茶树在生物多样性保护、茶树种质创新及地方经济发展中具有重要意义,亟须科学保护与可持续利用。
Hainan Island possesses unique ecological conditions that nurture abundant wild tea resources.This study systematically investigated the distribution patterns and growth models of wild tea trees in Hainan through literature review and field surveys.Curvilinear regression analysis was employed to establish growth relationships among tree height(H),crown width(P),diameter at breast height(DBH,D),and basal diameter(d).Wild tea populations are distributed in Wuzhishan City,Baoting County,Qiongzhong County,Baisha County,Ledong County,and Lingshui County,spanning longitudes 108.85°E–109.91°E,latitudes 18.21°N–19.19°N,and elevations 357.0–1410.6 m.The population primarily occur in secondary forests and cultivated tea gardens,with significant canopy density fluctuations.The wild tea tree resources in the study area were mainly distributed in sheets,and 6915 wild tea trees were preliminarily investigated in 6 cities and counties,and the area with the largest number of wild tea trees was Wuzhishan,with a total of 4461 trees,accounting for 64.51%of the total.Wild tea tree diameter structure showed a normal distribution characteristic with grade II seedlings accounting for the main body(40.68%),followed by grade I seedlings(25.29%),and only 2.22%of the V–VI.large-diameter wild tea trees remaining,showing an obvious juvenile structure.Maximum crown width(11.5 m)and tree height(26.0 m)were recorded in Wuzhishan City,alongside the highest coefficients of variation for crown width(56.53%)and height(53.87%),with a crown-to-height ratio of 0.62.Optimal cubic regression models for growth relationships were:H=0.614+0.014C-0.258C2+2.13C3(R^(2)=0.488,h<700 m);H=1.949-0.001D+0.020D^(2)+0.248D^(3)(R^(2)=0.340,700 m≤h<1300 m);D=-0.726+0.001d-0.024d^(2)+1.026d^(3)(R^(2)=0.887,h≥1300 m).The research would provide critical data for ecological monitoring in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park,tea germplasm conservation,and green certification of tea industries.It also would advance carbon sink management under China’s carbon neutrality goals and highlights the urgency for scientific conservation and sustainable utilization of wild tea resources to enhance biodiversity and regional socioecological resilience.
作者
符明珠
杜尚嘉
符生波
符溶
吴挺聪
郭霞
FU Mingzhu;DU Shangjia;FU Shengbo;FU Rong;WU Tingcong;GUO Xia(Hainan Academy of Forestry(Hainan Academy of Mangrove)/Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Forestry Resources Monitoring and Application,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China)
出处
《热带作物学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期2898-2909,共12页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
海南省省属科研院所技术创新项目(No.KYYSLK2023-021)
五指山市野生茶树资源普查与监测项目(No.WBHN-2023-015)。
关键词
野生茶树
资源调查
曲线回归分析
模型构建
wild tea tree
resource inventory
curvilinear regression analysis
model construction
