摘要
溶液近场直写(SEW)技术作为一种特殊的静电纺丝技术,可通过缩短喷射路径和精确控制射流沉积,实现图案化打印以及复杂三维结构的构建。首先,介绍了SEW技术的发展、基本原理,并与其他纤维制备技术进行对比;接着,分析了SEW技术中材料溶液特性、工艺参数以及外部环境等对纤维沉积效果的影响;然后介绍了该技术在生物组织工程、柔性纳米发电机、电子器件以及雾水收集与油水分离等领域的应用。最后,针对SEW技术存在的问题和未来发展方向进行了总结和展望,旨在为溶液近场直写技术的发展及其在功能纤维材料领域的创新应用提供理论参考。
Electrospinning(ES)technology is a method that utilizes high voltage to drive polymer solutions or melts to form nanofibers.However,due to the relatively long collection distance,the fibers typically exhibit random distribution,limiting their applications in fields requiring highly aligned fiber structures.Solution electrowriting(SEW)technology addresses this limitation by reducing the distance between the nozzle and the collector substrate,enabling stable control of jet behavior and precise deposition of fibers.This paper first provides a comprehensive review of the development and application of SEW technology.By refining conventional electrospinning(ES)principles,SEW achieves stable jet behavior control and high-precision fiber deposition within shortened nozzle-to-collector distances.The operating mechanisms of SEW are subsequently elaborated:under the action of an electric field,polymer solutions are elongated into fibers,with the reduced collection distance enabling stabilized jet dynamics.A programmable high-resolution moving platform facilitates precise fiber reception,enabling the fabrication of tailored 3D stacked fibrous architectures.Through comparative analysis with established fiber fabrication technologies—including ES,direct ink writing(DIW),and melt electrowriting(MEW)—the advantages and limitations of SEW are critically evaluated across multiple dimensions.Furthermore,the study investigates the impacts of solution properties(polymer molecular weight/concentration,solution conductivity,and solvent volatility),process parameters(applied voltage,collection platform speed,feed rate,nozzle diameter,and collection distance),and environmental factors on fiber deposition morphology.Finally,the broad application potential of SEW across diverse fields is discussed.In biological tissue engineering,SEW enables precise fiber alignment to fabricate ideal scaffold materials.In nanogenerators,SEW-produced nanofibrous materials exhibit superior flexibility and efficient mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion,suitable for sensor applications.In electronic devices,SEW-derived nanofibers demonstrate high flexibility and conductivity while maintaining stable electrical performance under complex deformations and motions.Additionally,in fields such as fog harvesting and oil-water separation,SEW allows fabrication of fiber membranes with tunable porosity and geometric precision,enabling efficient liquid capture and separation.
作者
任浩天
李文燕
邱智晔
杨扬
高玉洁
吴金丹
REN Haotian;LI Wenyan;QIU Zhiye;YANG Yang;GAO Yujie;WU Jindan(College of Textile Science and Engineering(International Institute of Silk),Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China)
出处
《现代纺织技术》
北大核心
2025年第12期20-31,共12页
Advanced Textile Technology
基金
浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LZY24H150002)。
关键词
溶液近场直写
生物组织工程
柔性纳米发电机
电子器件
雾水收集与油水分离
solution electrowriting
biological tissue engineering
flexible nanogenerators
electronic devices
fog harvesting and oil-water separation
