摘要
为提升葡萄品质,以贺兰山东麓灌淤土“赤霞珠”葡萄为试材,设置5个出土时期(3月24日、4月3日、4月10日、4月17日和4月24日),测定根系活力、保护酶活性、果实糖酸组分及酚类物质含量,并结合出土至开花前的环境因子动态分析,探究不同出土时期对葡萄根系生理活性、果实基本品质与酚类物质成分的影响。结果表明,3月24日早期出土的葡萄植株根系活力最高[80.70μg·(g·h)^(-1)],并拥有最优的果实糖酸比[可溶性固形物25.5°Brix,可滴定酸6.008g·(100g)^(-1)]及最高的单宁(12.953mg·g^(-1))与总酚(8.588mg·g^(-1))含量。4月3日出土的根系遭受氧化胁迫[POD活性峰值5.449μg·(g·h)^(-1),MDA含量0.749μmol·(g·h)^(-1)],且多数品质指标不佳。4月10日出土对黄酮合成有特异性促进(12.020mg·g^(-1))。4月17日出土在总黄烷-3-醇(3.775mg·g^(-1))和花青素含量(1.108mg·g^(-1))上表现突出。环境数据表明,早期土壤温度稳定上升利于根系生长,但同期水分的持续亏缺可能构成胁迫。说明出土时期通过调控根系状态与植株代谢,显著影响葡萄的风味与功能性品质。综合来看,3月24日早期出土最有利于酿造风味浓郁、结构感强的葡萄酒;3月24日-4月3日作为早期出土最宜时机,最低气温稳定通过10℃可作为参考指标,并结合中短期天气预报,在晚霜风险降低后进行出土。
In order to improve grape quality,‘Cabernet Sauvignon’grapes grown in the irrigated-silted soil of the eastern foot of Helan Mountain were used as the test materials.Five different uncovering periods(March 24,April 3,April 10,April 17,and April 24)were set.The root activity,protective enzyme activities,fruit sugar-acid components,and phenolic substance contents in the fruits were determined.Combined with the dynamic analysis of environmental factors from the uncovering stage to the pre-flowering stage,the effects of different uncovering periods on root physiological activity,basic fruit quality,and phenolic components of grapes were explored.The results showed that vines unearthed on March 24 exhibited the highest root vitality[80.70μg·(g·h)^(-1)],the optimal fruit sugar-acid ratio[soluble solids:25.5°Brix;titratable acid:6.008 g·(100 g)^(-1)],and the highest tannin(12.953 mg·g^(-1))and total phenol(8.588 mg·g^(-1))contents.Roots unearthed on April 3 suffered from oxidative stress[peak POD activity:5.449μg·(g·h)^(-1);MDA content:0.749μmol·(g)^(-1)]and most quality indicators were suboptimal.Unearthing on April 10 specifically promoted flavonoid synthesis(12.020 mg·g^(-1)).Unearthing on April 17 resulted in prominent performance in total flavan-3-ols(3.775 mg·g^(-1))and anthocyanin contents(1.108 mg·g^(-1)).Environmental data indicated that early soil temperature stabilization benefited roots,but concurrent water deficit posed a potential stress.These findings demonstrate that unearthing time significantly influences grape flavor and functional quality by regulating root status and plant metabolism.In conclusion,early unearthing around March 24 is most conducive to producing wines with rich flavor and strong structure.The period from March 24 to April 3 is recommended as the optimal window for early unearthing,using the minimum temperature stabilizing above 10℃as a reference indicator,combined with short-term weather forecasts to avoid late frost risks.
作者
崔竣岭
马军
许泽华
CUI Junling;MA Jun;XU Zehua(Institute of Horticulture,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China)
出处
《黑龙江农业科学》
2025年第12期62-67,共6页
Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
宁夏农林科学院高质量发展项目(NGSB-2021-4-06)
宁夏回族自治区银川市葡萄、枣国家林木种质资源库林木良种繁育项目
国家葡萄产业体系贺兰山东麓试验站资助项目(CARS-29-28)。
关键词
葡萄
出土时期
根系活力
果实品质
酚类物质
环境因子
grape
unearthing time
root vitality
fruit quality
phenolic substances
environmental factors
