摘要
针对东北黑土耕层变薄、变弱等问题,本研究在东北黑土区开展大田试验,以传统耕作为对照(CK),设置4种秸秆还田方式(覆盖:FG;深翻:SF;猪粪条带堆腐:ZF;腐解剂条带堆腐:YJ)处理,研究其对土壤耕层(0~20 cm)、亚耕层(20~40 cm)土壤养分及玉米植株养分吸收、产量和养分利用率的影响。结果表明,不同处理对玉米生长和产量性状的影响总体表现为ZF>SF>YJ>FG>CK;ZF处理耕层土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量及玉米植株总干物质重均最高且与CK差异显著,增幅分别为19.02%、49.76%、53.86%、15.12%和32.32%,ZF处理耕层土壤各养分含量均显著高于SF处理,亚耕层土壤各养分含量均低于SF处理且碱解氮含量差异显著;ZF处理显著增加玉米植株不同器官氮、磷、钾积累量和总积累量,显著提高玉米的氮、磷、钾素利用率,氮、磷、钾肥农学效率及磷、钾肥偏生产力;与CK相比,不同秸秆还田方式处理玉米产量均显著增加,增幅为3.96%~8.71%,ZF处理的增幅最大。综上可知,猪粪条带堆腐处理是改善土壤耕层肥力、调节植株养分和提升产量的有效方式,但从长远看深翻处理对土壤的可持续发展更有益。该结论可为黑土耕层的合理建立和农业资源的可持续利用提供理论支撑。
Aiming at the problems of thinning and weakening of the black soil plow layer in the Northeast China,this study conducted a field experiment in the black soil region of the Northeast China.Taking tradi-tional tillage as the control(CK),four straw returning methods were set on the basis of straw returning,inclu-ding film covering(FG),deep plowing(SF),swine manure strip composting(ZF)and decomposer strip composting(YJ),resulting in a total of five treatments.The effects of different straw returning methods on soil nutrients in the plow layer(0~20 cm)and sub-plow layer(20~40 cm)were studied,as well as nutrient ab-sorption,yield and nutrient use efficiency of maize plants.The results showed that the overall effects of differ-ent treatments on maize growth and yield traits were in the order of ZF>SF>YJ>FG>CK.The ZF treatment had the highest contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter in the plow layer soil,as well as the highest total dry matter of maize plants,with significant differences compared to CK with increase of 19.02%,49.76%,53.86%,15.12%and 32.32%,respectively.The nutrient contents in the plow layer soil under the ZF treatment were significantly higher than those under the SF treatment,while that in the sub-plow layer soil were lower than those under the SF treatment with a sig-nificant difference in alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content.The ZF treatment significantly increased the accu-mulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in different organs and the total accumulation of maize plants,and significantly improved the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium use efficiency of maize,as well as the agro-nomic efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and the partial productivity of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.Compared with CK,the maize yield under different straw returning treatments in-creased significantly,with an increase range of 3.96%to 8.71%,and the ZF treatment had the largest in-crease.In conclusion,the swine manure strip composting treatment was an effective method for improving soil plow layer fertility,regulating plant nutrients,and increasing yield.However,in the long run,deep plowing treatment would be more beneficial to the sustainable development of soil.This conclusion could provide theo-retical support for the rational establishment of black soil plow layer and the sustainable utilization of agricul-tural resources.
作者
姜卓琳
王佳祺
李春月
张爽
谷孝伟
宋占英
任忠良
李明轩
王霖
耿玉辉
Jiang Zhuolin;Wang Jiaqi;Li Chunyue;Zhang Shuang;Gu Xiaowei;Song Zhanying;Ren Zhongliang;Li Mingxuan;Wang Lin;Geng Yuhui(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130000,China;Shuangyang District Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Station of Changchun City,Changchun 130000,China;Bolichengzi Town Comprehensive Service Center,Gongzhuling 136100,China)
出处
《山东农业科学》
北大核心
2025年第11期103-110,共8页
Shandong Agricultural Sciences
基金
吉林省重大科技专项(20220302005NC)
科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100403)。
关键词
秸秆还田方式
玉米
土壤养分
养分利用率
产量
Straw returning method
Maize
Soil nutrient
Nutrient utilization rate
Yield
