摘要
人工控制授粉是进行甜瓜有性杂交育种,品种自交保纯以及选配杂种一代都必须进行的工作。关于甜瓜人工控制授粉的座果率,苏联的有关资料是38.7%;美国加州德舍特种子公司的唐振维访华报告介绍,他们也在30%左右;新疆北疆昌吉、石河子等地较高,但一般年份也大约在30-40%之间,南疆的吐鲁番盆地由于气候炎热、干燥,前几年一般只有20%左右。
The blooming habits of Cucumis melo L.ssp.Melo Pang is andremonoecious.The majority of the varieties fruit mainly on secondary side-vines,the main vine can fruit after the pruning of the single vine.The plant can bloom 24 pistillate flowers,and set fruit no more than 6—7,no less than 1,and 2 fruit at most time.The male flowerusually blooms first.But under the condition of lower temperature and less sunshine,the pistillate will flower blooms first.The temperature at previous night decides the time of blooming.When the temperature is below 12℃,they can not bloom the next morning,and,when above 16℃,they would bloom at about 8 o’clock the next morning.If there was hot wind,the blooming time would be earlierthan expected.The corolla of the male flower wilts and closes at about 6 o’clock in the afternoon.The pollen of the pistillate flower posesses a normal function.The structure of the pistillate flower has many varieties.The suitable temperature for pollination is 26.6℃-30℃,the humidity is about 40%.The healthy plant,suitable time of pollination(temperature,humidity),rigid pruning and the better position of flower are the keys to raising the rate of pollinated fruit,and if all these are carrying out well,the rate of fruit of artificial pollination could be raised by 50—60%.
作者
吴明珠
李树贤
Wu Mingzu;Li Suxian(Prefecture Head Office,Tulufan,Xinjiang;Vegetable Institute,Shihezi,Xinjiang)
出处
《中国农业科学》
1983年第6期38-44,93,共8页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
