摘要
推拉理论指出人口流动受到拉力、推力、中间障碍三因素共同作用。拉力是迁入地有利于提高生活品质的因素,推力是户籍地不利于提高生活品质的因素,中间障碍是限制人口迁移的因素。以“迁入地、户籍地间公共服务差距”衡量推力与拉力所形成的共同影响,以城市落户门槛表征中间障碍,实证研究发现:公共服务差距对流动人口的居留意愿具有显著的正向影响,户籍障碍在这一路径中起到负向的调节效应。以是否受到户籍障碍影响为标准对城市公共服务体系进行分类,发现不受户籍限制的普惠型公共服务差距正向影响流动人口居留意愿。本文最终提出一系列政策建议:城市层面上,要着重提高普惠型公共服务水平,减少流动人口在社会融入方面的阻碍;国家层面上,促进基本公共服务均等化,减少户籍制度约束,尤其在新一轮财税体制改革过程中,要注意构建合理的流动人口成本分担机制。
Push-pull theory holds that population mobility is jointly shaped by pull,push,and intervening obstacles.Pull factors are conditions at the destination that enhance quality of life;push factors are conditions at the place of household registration that diminish it;intervening obstacles are factors that constrain migration.Using the"public service gap between destination and place of household registration"to capture the combined effects of push and pull,and using cities’thre sholds for obtaining house hold registration(落户)to represent in tervening obstacles,the empirical analysis finds that public service gaps exert a significant positive effect on migrants'intentions to remain,while household registration(户籍,hukou)barriers negatively moderate this pathway.Classifying urban public service system sbywhether they are subject to hukou constraints shows that gaps in universal public services not restricted by hukou positively affect migrants'intentions to remain.Accordingly,the paper proposes policy measures:at the city level,prioritize improving universal public services and reducing obstacles to migrants'social integration;at the national level,promote the equalization of basic public services and relax hukou constraints,and—especially during the new round of fiscal and tax reform-establish a reasonable cost-sharing mechanism for the costs associated with migrants.
作者
李冬妍
魏孟博
胡华
Li Dongyan;Wei Mengbo;Hu Hua
出处
《南开学报(哲学社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第6期150-162,共13页
Journal of Nankai University Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition
基金
南开大学文科发展基金科学研究类项目青年项目(XJ20210063)。
关键词
公共服务差距
户籍障碍
居留意愿
Public Service Gaps
Hukou Barriers
Intention to Remain
