摘要
截至2025年,煤矸石作为煤炭开采和洗选过程中产生的固体废弃物,其堆积量全球已超过50亿吨。煤矸石长期堆放不仅占用土地、破坏生态环境,还会因风化、淋溶和自燃产生严重的环境污染和安全隐患,如释放有毒气体(CO、SO2等)、重金属迁移污染土壤和水体,并通过食物链危害人体健康。钝化技术因其环保、经济且不影响后续资源化利用等优势成为当前降低煤矸石重金属危害研究的重点方法。钝化剂通过吸附、沉淀、络合等作用降低重金属的有效态,减少其迁移性。目前研究较多的钝化剂包括无机类、有机类及新型材料,其中黏土矿物因成本低、吸附能力强且易获取而备受关注。研究表明,钝化效果受钝化剂种类影响,合理选择钝化剂可显著降低重金属有效态。未来研究应优化钝化剂配比及施用方式,以实现煤矸石的高效治理与资源化利用。
As of 2025,the global accumulation of coal gangue,a solid waste generated during coal mining and washing,has exceeded 5 billion tons.Long-term stacking of coal gangue not only occupies land and damages the ecological environment,but also causes serious environmental pollution and safety hazards due to weathering,leaching and spontaneous combustion.For example,it releases toxic gases(CO,SO 2,etc.),heavy metals migrate to pollute soil and water bodies,and endanger human health through the food chain.Passivation technology has become the focus of current research on reducing the harm of heavy metals in coal gangue due to its advantages of environmental protection,economy and no impact on subsequent resource utilization.Passivators reduce the available state of heavy metals through adsorption,precipitation,complexation and other effects,reducing their mobility.At present,the more studied passivators include inorganic,organic and new materials,among which clay minerals have attracted much attention due to their low cost,strong adsorption capacity and easy availability.Studies have shown that the passivation effect is affected by the type of passivator,and the reasonable selection of passivator can significantly reduce the effective state of heavy metals.In the future,the research should optimize the ratio and application method of passivators to achieve efficient treatment and resource utilization of coal gangue.
作者
张悦
李翻琪
王荣香
ZHANG Yue;LI Fan-qi;WANG Rong-xiang(Shaanxi A&F Technology University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《杨凌职业技术学院学报》
2025年第4期13-16,39,共5页
Journal of Yangling Vocational & Technical College
关键词
煤矸石
重金属
钝化
钝化剂
环境修复
coal gangue
heavy metals
passivation
passivating agents
environmental remediation
