摘要
基于2010—2024年湘潭湘莲物候观测数据和同期气象资料,采用统计学分析、农业气象普查以及专家咨询等方法,研究了湘莲生育关键期与气象因子的关系及其主要气象灾害影响。结果表明:1)湘莲各生育关键期均呈提前趋势,其中花期和蓬果期提前趋势尤为明显,变化速率分别达3.179、3.536 d/(10 a)。2)温度与光照条件是调控湘莲生长发育的关键因子。湘莲生育关键期与对应时段的≥15℃积温、≥22℃积温及6月平均气温呈极显著负相关(p<0.01),与平均最高气温、5月和7月平均气温、6月日照时数以及7—8月气温日较差>7℃日数均呈显著负相关(p<0.05)。即气温和积温高,日照充足,日较差>7℃日数多,湘莲生育关键期提前,反之,则推迟。降水量对花期的影响表现为弱正相关(p<0.1),即降水量越多,花期越迟。3)气象灾害具有阶段性影响特征。立叶前期至立叶满田期低温连阴雨,花期连阴雨或强降水,蓬果期高温干旱等影响湘莲生长,甚至直接影响莲子品质及产量。
Based on phenological observation data of Xiang lotus in Xiangtan from 2010 to 2024 and the corresponding meteorological data,this study investigated the relationships between key growth stages of Xiang lotus and meteorological factors,as well as the impact of major meteorological disasters,through statistical analysis,agro-meteorological surveys,and expert consultation.The results showed that:1)The key growth stages of Xiang lotus exhibited an advancing trend,with the flowering stage and fruit-bearing stage advancing most significantly,at rates of 3.179 d/(10 a)and 3.536 d/(10 a),respectively.2)Temperature and solar radiation were the key factors regulating lotus growth and development.The key growth stages showed a highly significant negative correlation(p<0.01)with≥15℃and≥22℃accumulated temperatures,as well as the mean temperature in June.They also exhibited a significant negative correlation(p<0.05)with mean maximum temperature,mean temperatures in May and July,sunshine duration in June,and the number of days from July to August with a diurnal temperature range>7℃.Higher temperatures,accumulated temperatures,sufficient sunshine,and more days with a diurnal range>7℃led to earlier key growth stages,while lower values delayed them.Precipitation showed a weak positive correlation(p<0.1)with the flowering stage,indicating that greater rainfall delayed flowering.3)Meteorological disasters had stage-specific impacts.Persistent low temperatures and overcast rain during the early to full-leaf stages,continuous rain or heavy precipitation during flowering,and high-temperature droughts during the fruit-bearing stage adversely affected Xiang lotus growth,directly influencing lotus seed quality and yield.
作者
林明丽
辜倩
廖雨卓
黄晚华
邓洁琼
Lin Mingli;Gu Qian;Liao Yuzhuo;Huang Wanhua;Deng Jieqiong(Xiangtan Meteorological Bureau,Xiangtan 411100,China;Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Hunan Province,Changsha 411018,China)
出处
《气象与减灾研究》
2025年第3期212-218,共7页
Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research
基金
2024年湖南省气象局创新发展专项(编号:CXFZ2024-FZZX25).
关键词
湘莲
生育期
气象因子
关系
气象灾害
Xiang lotus
growth period
meteorological factors
relationship
meteorological disasters
