摘要
本研究旨在通过蛋白质组学和微生物基因组学联合分析,探究放养和笼养模式下临武鸭生长性能、肉品质、肌肉蛋白质和肠道菌群的差异。选取3100羽28日龄雌性临武鸭,其中3000羽为放养组(FRS组,分为10个重复,每个重复300羽),100羽为笼养组(CFS组,分为10个重复,每个重复10羽)。2种模式下养殖密度均为4羽/m 2,试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与放养模式相比,笼养模式临武鸭末体重(P=0.014)、平均日增重(P=0.016)、胸肌率(P=0.012)和腹脂率(P<0.001)显著提高,屠宰率(P=0.011)和腿肌率(P<0.001)显著降低。2)与放养模式相比,笼养模式临武鸭胸肌亮度值(P<0.001)、黄度值(P<0.001)和滴水损失(P=0.021)显著提高,胸肌红度值(P=0.034)和剪切力(P<0.001)显著降低。3)与放养模式相比,笼养模式临武鸭胸肌超氧化物歧化酶(P=0.002)、过氧化氢酶(P<0.001)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.001)以及总抗氧化能力(P=0.001)显著降低。4)蛋白质组学分析在2组临武鸭胸肌样品中鉴定出646种差异积累蛋白(DAPs),主要参与调控甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢以及半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢等通路。5)微生物基因组学分析在2组临武鸭盲肠食糜中鉴定出46种差异菌属。6)相关性分析显示,二磷酸甘油酸变位酶(BPGM)、磷酸甘油酸脱氢酶(PHGDH)、磷酸丝氨酸磷酸酶(PSPH)、乳酸脱氢酶A(LDHA)、烯醇酶磷酸酶1(ENOPH1)和支链氨基酸转氨酶1(BCAT1)与临武鸭胸肌肉色和抗氧化酶活性有显著相关性(P<0.05);40种差异菌属与胸肌肉色、剪切力、滴水损失或抗氧化酶活性有显著相关性(P<0.05)。综上所述,与笼养模式,放养模式临武鸭生长性能和胸肌产量降低,但胸肌肉品质提高;养殖模式改变了临武鸭肌肉蛋白质和肠道菌群结构,可能是改变肉品质的关键因素。
This study aimed to explore the differences in growth performance,meat quality,muscle protein and gut microbiota of Linwu ducks reared in free-range farming system(FRS)and cage farming system(CFS)using proteomics and microbial genomics.Three thousand and one hundred 28-day-old female Linwu ducks were selected for the experiment,in which 3000 were farmed in FRS with 10 replicates of each with 300 ducks and 100 were farmed in CFS with 10 replicates of each with 10 ducks.The farming density was 4 ducks/m 2 for both farming systems.The farming period was 42 d.The results showed as follows:1)comparing to FRS,CFS ducks had significantly higher final body weight(P=0.014),average daily weight gain(P=0.016),breast muscle rate(P=0.012)and abdominal fat rate(P<0.001),but had significantly lower carcass rate(P=0.011)and thigh muscle rate(P<0.001).2)Comparing to FRS,CFS ducks had significantly higher brightness value(P<0.001),yellowness value(P<0.001)and drip loss(P=0.021),but had significantly lower redness value(P=0.034)and shear force(P<0.001)in breast muscle.3)Comparing to FRS,CFS ducks had significantly lower activities of superoxide dismutase(P=0.002),catalase(P<0.001)and glutathione peroxidase(P<0.001),as well as total antioxidant capacity(P=0.001)in breast muscle.4)The proteomic analysis revealed 646 differentially accumulated proteins(DAPs)in breast muscle samples between two farming systems,which were involved in metabolic pathways of glycine,serine and threonine metabolism,as well as cysteine and methionine metabolism and so on.5)The microbial genomic analysis identified 46 differential microbial genera in cecal chyme samples between two farming systems.6)The correlation analysis showed that bisphosphoglycerate mutase(BPGM),phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase(PHGDH),phosphoserine phosphatase(PSPH),lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA),enolase phosphatase 1(ENOPH1)and branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1(BCAT1)were significantly correlated with the meat color and antioxidant enzyme activities in breast muscle of Linwu ducks(P<0.05);and 40 differential microbial genera were significantly correlated to the meat color,shear force,drip loss,or antioxidant enzymes activities in breast muscle(P<0.05).In conclusion,comparing to CFS,FRS can decrease the growth performance and breast muscle yield of Linwu ducks,but improve the meat quality of breast muscle;the farming system alters the breast muscle protein and gut microbiota profile of Linwu ducks,which could be key factors to the meat quality changes.
作者
刘洋
李闯
黄璇
邓萍
张旭
蒋桂韬
万伟粲
胡艳
邝文涛
戴求仲
LIU Yang;LI Chuang;HUANG Xuan;DENG Ping;ZHANG Xu;JIANG Guitao;WAN Weican;HU Yan;KUANG Wentao;DAI Qiuzhong(Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410131,China;Hunan Linwu Shunhua Duck Industry Development Co.,Ltd.,Linwu 424300,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第11期7577-7592,共16页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
国家水禽产业技术体系项目(CARS-42-21)
湖南省重点研发项目(2023NK2043)
湖南省家禽产业技术体系项目(HARS-06)。
