摘要
粗饲料是反刍动物的主要饲料来源,随着我国反刍动物规模化养殖的快速发展,优质粗饲料的缺口不断扩大,严重制约了我国畜牧业的发展。我国秸秆、糟渣等非常规粗饲料资源分布广、存量大,但存在适口性差、营养成分参差不齐以及消化利用率低等问题。而通过微生物发酵非常规粗饲料,可有效改善原料适口性、提高营养价值及消化率,在提升反刍动物生长性能、调节瘤胃微生物群落和降低养殖成本等方面有巨大潜力。因此,本文系统综述了发酵非常规粗饲料的营养特性、生产工艺及其对反刍动物生产性能、畜产品品质、免疫功能和瘤胃微生物群落的影响,分析了当前应用中的技术瓶颈,并提出了未来研究方向,旨在为非常规粗饲料资源的高效利用提供参考。
Roughage is the primary feed source for ruminants.With the rapid development of large-scale ruminant farming in China,the shortage of high-quality roughage has increasingly constrained the sustainable growth of the livestock industry.Non-conventional roughage resources such as straw and dregs are widely distributed and abundant in China,yet they are plagued by issues including poor palatability,inconsistent nutrient composition,and low digestibility.Microbial fermentation of non-conventional roughages can effectively improve feed palatability,nutritional value,and digestibility,offering significant potential for enhancing ruminant growth performance,regulating rumen microbiota,and reducing production costs.This review systematically evaluates the nutritional characteristics and production processes of fermented non-conventional roughages,examines their effects on ruminant performance,livestock product quality,immune function,and rumen microbiota,analyzes current technical bottlenecks in practical applications,and proposes future research directions,aiming to provide references for the efficient utilization of non-conventional roughage resources.
作者
李太春
刘志云
官小凤
钟晓霞
LI Taichun;LIU Zhiyun;GUAN Xiaofeng;ZHONG Xiaoxia(Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences,Chongqing 402460,China;National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs(Chongqing),Chongqing 402460,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第11期7308-7321,共14页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1301605)
国家生猪中心先导科技项目(NCTIP-XD/B15)。
关键词
反刍动物
发酵非常规粗饲料
生产性能
成本效益
ruminant
fermented non-conventional roughages
performance
cost-effectiveness
