摘要
Rice cultivation contributes up to 12%of global anthropogenic methane(CH4)emissions,making it a significant climate concern.With rice demand projected to double by 2050,achieving the required 2.4%annual genetic gain must be balanced with emission reduction.This review synthesizes recent progress in three key areas:(1)mitigation strategies such as alternate wetting and drying and direct-seeded rice,which can reduce CH4 emissions by 30%-40%;(2)identification of physiological and molecular traits,such as short duration,high harvest index,improved nitrogen use efficiency,optimized root architecture,and stress tolerance with reduced greenhouse gas(GHG)footprints;and(3)the potential of genomics-assisted breeding and high-throughput phenotyping to accelerate the development of climate-resilient rice varieties with lower CH4 emissions.Specifically,we highlight how the synergistic integration of high-throughput phenotyping,genomic selection,and marker-assisted breeding can substantially improve the efficiency and precision of breeding programs targeting the development of climate-resilient rice varieties with reduced CH4 emissions.This is exemplified through successful case studies utilizing multi-omics approaches,including the development of Green Super Rice varieties(GSR 2 and GSR 8),which have demonstrated up to a 37%reduction in GHG emissions.Crucially,we propose a stratified trait profile for low-GHG rice development and provide guidelines and metrics for integrating these traits into mainstream breeding pipelines.We conclude by proposing a strategic framework integrating carbon-efficient breeding,climate-adapted agronomy,and policy support,which is essential for scaling low-GHG rice systems globally.
基金
supported by the Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research,Science Programme-Breeding for Tomorrow,India(Grant No.SP01/B4T/AoW02).
