摘要
跨境侦查取证是数字时代涉外法治的重要课题,也是有效治理跨境网络犯罪的关键之处。从实践情况来看,当前跨境侦查取证主要存在三个方面的问题。首先,传统刑事司法协助取证效率低下,其原因在于司法协助程序繁琐复杂,不同国家间适用法律依据呈现出分离的状态及制度设计背后所体现的不同法律体系的价值追求。其次,国内跨境侦查取证法律规定呈现分裂局面,相关法律规定分散,未进行有效衔接,对跨境侦查具体措施的法律定位、定性呈现逻辑性矛盾,侦查人员在实践中容易出现执行措施不规范和混用滥用的情形,可能侵犯他国主权。最后,在网络服务提供者协助取证中,权力行使与权利保障之间存在失衡现象,缺乏对网络服务提供者和公民权利的系统性保障。通过对涉案电子数据的收集展开分析,可以发现数字时代跨境侦查取证已经引发了证据理念的更新,这种变化主要表现在:以原始存储介质为证据核心理念的动摇和基于权利保障的证据价值导向的转变。基此转变,跨境侦查取证制度应发展以程序为导向的电子数据审查判断理念,形成能够克服不同国家间证据制度差异、拥有共同价值目标的证据制度平台。同时,要完善基于国家数据主权战略的跨境侦查取证模式,加强国内法层面的统筹,推进大数据侦查的情报主导型预防机制建设,实现大数据侦查与跨境侦查取证程序的衔接,从而体系化完善跨境侦查取证制度。
In the digital era,cross-border criminal investigation and evidence collection have become a key component of building the rule of law in foreign-related affairs and a central challenge in combating transnational cybercrime.In practice,the current cross-border investigation system faces three major problems.First,traditional mutual legal assistance mechanisms are inefficient due to their inherently complex procedures and the fragmented application of legal bases across jurisdictions,reflecting the divergence of legal systems and underlying value orientations.Second,China’s domestic legal framework for cross-border investigations remains fragmented and insufficiently coordinated.Relevant legal provisions are scattered and inconsistently interpreted,leading to contradictions in the legal positioning and classification of cross-border investigative measures.As a result,law enforcement officers may apply investigative powers irregularly or even abusively,potentially infringing on other states’sovereignty.Third,the balance between state power and rights protection in obtaining assistance from network service providers remains inadequate,as the current system lacks sufficient safeguards for both service providers and individual citizens.An analysis of the collection of electronic evidence in transnational cases reveals that the digital age has reshaped the concept of evidence itself.The traditional focus on original storage media as the core of evidentiary value is giving way to a rights-based,procedure-oriented conception of evidence.Accordingly,the cross-border investigation regime should embrace a proceduralized approach to electronic data evaluation,fostering a common evidentiary platform that transcends differences among national systems while maintaining shared normative values.To this end,China should refine its cross-border investigation model under the framework of national data sovereignty,strengthen the coordination of domestic laws,and promote an intelligence-led,preventive approach to big data investigations.Integrating big data-driven investigative methods with formal cross-border evidence collection procedures can achieve systemic coherence and enhance the institutional soundness of cross-border electronic data investigations.
作者
王志刚
何奇隆
WANG Zhigang;HE Qilong(School of Cyber Security and Information Law,Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Chongqing 400065,China)
出处
《重庆邮电大学学报(社会科学版)》
2025年第6期59-69,共11页
Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社科基金项目:数字时代刑事侦查权的规范化行使研究(23XFX030)。
关键词
跨境侦查取证
电子数据收集
证据理念
机制建设
cross-border criminal investigation
electronic data collection
evidentiary concept
regulatory improvements
