摘要
以北方滨海城市大连为例,针对当前游艇码头规划建设中存在的季节约束强、生态敏感度高及区域发展不均衡等问题,构建了融合空间环境承载力、海陆域游憩潜力与人群活动特征的多维评价方法。通过从地质条件、生态环境、多规协同等维度评估岸线空间承载力,识别高潜力游憩岸线,并解析人群活动的时空分异特征。研究表明大连市游艇码头适宜选址呈现多中心集聚格局,形成自西向东覆盖九大湾区码头群选址方案。在此基础上,提出分级分类建设引导策略,推动海陆资源融合、缓解季节波动、兼顾生态保护与开发效益,构建“码头群—码头带—码头”三级游艇码头集群体系。研究成果为我国北方滨海城市高效、可持续利用岸线资源,促进游艇旅游产业与海洋经济高质量发展提供了理论与实践参考。
This study addresses the critical need for scientifically informed planning of yacht marina infrastructure in northern coastal cities,using Dalian as a representative case.The planning and construction of yacht marinas in such regions face distinct challenges,including pronounced seasonal constraints on nautical activities,high ecological sensitivity of coastal zones,and imbalanced regional development.In response,this research develops and applies a comprehensive,multi-dimensional evaluation framework that integrates assessments of spatial environmental carrying capacity,marine and terrestrial recreational potential,and spatiotemporal patterns of population activity.This holistic approach aims to shift marina planning paradigms from single-factor assessment to multi-dimensional synergistic integration,specifically addressing the unique climatic,geographical,and socio-economic contexts of northern coastal areas.The methodology systematically evaluates shoreline spatial carrying capacity across three primary dimensions:geological conditions,ecological environment,and multi-planning coordination(aligning with port master plans,territorial spatial plans,fisheries layouts,and tourism development strategies).Key indicators within these dimensions include water depth,topography,significant wave height,coastal typology,seawater quality,proximity to ecological protection redlines and scenic areas,and vulnerability to meteorological and marine disasters.Utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)to determine indicator weights and ensure consistency,the study generates a spatial carrying capacity assessment,identifying shoreline segments suitable for development while respecting ecological constraints.This initial screening identified nine potential marina clusters based on a comprehensive score threshold.Building upon the carrying capacity assessment,the study further analyzes marine and terrestrial recreational potential to ensure functional synergy and demand adaptation.This involves mapping Points of Interest(POIs)related to tourism and recreation(e.g.,landmarks,leisure facilities,cultural sites,maritime nodes)and conducting kernel density analysis to identify areas of high resource concentration.Accessibility to these recreational nodes is rigorously evaluated via isochrone analysis for multiple transport modes(walking,cycling,public transport,and private vehicles)at different time thresholds(15,30,45 minutes respectively),ensuring proposed marina locations are well-integrated with existing and potential leisure activities and possess robust hinterland support.Furthermore,recognizing the pivotal role of human activity in marina viability and seasonal operational efficiency,the research incorporates a detailed analysis of spatiotemporal population dynamics.Using multi-period Baidu Heat Map data across different seasons(summer/winter)and days(weekdays/weekends),it identifies areas of sustained high activity(e.g.,Donggang CBD,Xinghai Bay)and those subject to significant seasonal fluctuations(e.g.,Changshan Archipelago,Lushunkou Bay).This analysis crucially informs the differentiation of marina functions,scales,and operational strategies based on the stability and intensity of hinterland vitality,directly addressing the challenge of seasonal demand variation.The integrated results reveal that suitable locations for yacht marinas in Dalian exhibit a multi-centered agglomeration pattern.A preliminary plan identifies nine key marina clusters stretching from west to east:Wafangdian,Pulandian Bay,Jinzhou Bay,Lushunkou Bay,Xinghai Bay,Donggang-Dalian Bay,Jinshitan,Changshan Archipelago,and Zhuanghe Bay.Subsequent refinement based on recreational potential and multi-modal accessibility pinpoints 31 preferred shoreline segments for specific marina development within these clusters.These segments were further classified by grade(large>400 berths,medium 200-400,small<200 berths)and function(e.g.,transport hubs,leisure-focused),with specific implementation timelines suggested(near-term upgrade/expansion vs.medium-to-long-term new construction).Based on the integrated evaluation,a hierarchical and classified construction guidance strategy is proposed.This strategy advocates for the establishment of a three-level yacht marina cluster system:“Marina Cluster-Marina Belt-Marina Node”to foster intensive and efficient resource use.Specific recommendations include prioritizing the near-term planning and construction of marina belts in areas with high spatial vitality,superior hydrological conditions,and mature urban infrastructure,such as Dalian Bay-Donggang and Xinghai Bay.Marinas are categorized into three types for guided development:Retained and Upgraded(e.g.,Tahe Bay Marina),Renovated and Expanded(converting underutilized industrial or fishing ports like Liaoyu Port),and Reserved for New Construction(e.g.,Jinzhou Bay,considering future airport economic zone potential).The proposed planning strategies emphasize several core principles:1)Integrated land-sea resource utilization:fostering efficient and intensive use of shoreline space through the hierarchical cluster system;2)Strengthened ecological constraints:implementing precise zoning control based on ecological redlines and establishing dynamic monitoring mechanisms throughout the marina lifecycle to ensure sustainable utilization;3)Synergy with recreational vitality and enhanced accessibility:improving multi modal transport connectivity(transit,cycling,walking,vehicular)between marinas and hinterland attractions,effectively bridging the"last mile"to enhance visitor experience;4)Mitigating seasonal fluctuations through cultural-tourism integration:promoting industrial convergence to develop resilient year-round business models,offering differentiated services and products tailored to seasonal demand,such as high-end composite services in core urban areas and specialized experiential tourism(e.g.,water sports,maritime training,sea fishing)in suburban and island locations,including winter-specific“boat-shore linkage”products.In conclusion,this research constructs a robust,multi-dimensional evaluation methodology tailored to the specific context of northern coastal cities.The findings offer a scientifically-grounded and actionable planning framework for yacht marina site selection in Dalian.The proposed strategies for spatial organization,ecological protection,traffic integration,and seasonal adaptation provide valuable theoretical insights and practical pathways for promoting the efficient,sustainable,and high-quality development of the yacht tourism industry and the broader marine economy in northern China’s coastal urban areas,effectively balancing development benefits with ecological conservation.
作者
肖彦
杜赛尔
臧佳明
XIAO Yan;DU Saier;ZANG Jiaming
出处
《西部人居环境学刊》
北大核心
2025年第6期44-51,共8页
Journal of Human Settlements in West China
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(23YJC890045)。
关键词
北方滨海城市
游艇码头
岸线空间
规划选址
环境承载力
northern coastal city
yacht marina
shoreline space
planning and site selection
environmental carrying capacity
