摘要
明嘉靖二年,新会县抚瑶官带领瑶人平定了上川岛“六寨之乱”,瑶人以协防海岛的身份耕守海疆。自此至清代前期,上川岛被视为“瑶地”,吸纳了周边逃避赋税之人。雍正十年,在政府鼓励移民垦荒的背景下,为了获得土地产权,上川岛民报垦升科。乾隆二年,地方官奏请开立瑶户,岛民得以自办税粮。瑶官被驱逐出上川岛,瑶户编入新宁县文章都上川图,瑶转变为编户齐民的过程是国家和族群合力的结果。清后期,面对激烈的资源竞争,岛民利用王朝编户强调“上川八户土著”的身份认同,同时,淡化瑶的历史,以实现对海岛资源的占有。至迟在道光年间,上川岛已不再被视为瑶人岛,族群身份的变化是他者标识与族群主观塑造不断融合和变化的过程。
The present paper,delineating the history,in which Shangchuan Island,a settlement of Yao People since the mid-Ming,was incorporated into the imperial household registration system in the early Qing,holds that this huge change in Yao People's ethnic identity was actually a result of the concerted effort made by the state and the Yao community,and finally Shangchuan Island was not treated as a Yao settlement no later than Daoguang reign(1821-1850).
出处
《史林》
北大核心
2025年第5期72-83,218,共13页
Historical Review
基金
国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“明清至民国南海海疆经略与治理体系研究”(LSYZD21011)阶段性成果。
