摘要
为在深入认识林水关系的基础上实施林水协调管理,同时保障水安全与生态安全,总结了相关研究进展、现有不足以及未来研究需求。分析认为,以往研究多集中于森林对水文过程的影响,而水分条件对森林的反向影响研究相对薄弱,这成为推进林水协调管理亟待克服的关键瓶颈。在森林对径流的影响方面,虽已开展长期观测研究,但仅获得了一些基本认识,例如增加森林通常会减少年径流和中小洪峰流量,但对枯水径流的影响尚不明确(采伐森林和自然干扰的影响则相反),且森林对径流的影响存在显著的时空异质性,目前仍难以基于实测数据实现准确预测。其主要原因在于,森林的水文效应是植被、气候、地形与土壤四类要素中诸多因子共同作用于多个水文过程的综合结果,未来需更加关注林水关系的复杂性及影响因子的多样性。因此,林水关系研究及协调管理实践越来越依赖于流域水文模型,但需进一步强化模型中环境驱动下植被(数量、分布与质量)和土壤性质动态变化的“生态过程”模块,发展合理的生态水文模型及林水协调管理智慧决策支持工具。研究成果有助于推动跨学科、多尺度、多目标的林水协调管理研究,弥补相关理论、技术与决策工具的不足,为实现以林水协调管理为特征的高质量绿色发展提供支撑。
To implement the integrated forest-water management based on a deep understanding of the forest-water interrelations for ensuring both water security and ecological security,this paper summarizes the relevant research progress and deficiencies as well as the future research needs.According to the analysis,previous studies focused on the forest hydrological impacts,research about the effects of water on forests is relatively weak,which is the biggest bottleneck to implementing the integrated forest-water management.Although there are long-term observation-based studies of forest effects on runoff,they have only led to a basic understanding,i.e.,increasing forest cover will generally reduce annual runoff and the peak flow of small-and medium-sized floods,but the effect on dry-season flow is uncertain(opposite effects of forest logging and natural disturbances),and a big spatio-temporal variation exists in the forest effect on runoff.Thus,it is difficult at present to accurately predict the forest effect on runoff based on the observation results.The main reason is that the forest hydrological effects are the integrated effects of many factors of vegetation,climate,topography and soil on a series of hydrological processes.In the future,attention must be paid to the complexity of forest-water interrelations and the diversity of influencing factors.Therefore,the studies on forest-water interrelations and the integrated forest-water management increasingly rely on the watershed hydrological models.However,the"ecological process"module reflecting the environment-driven variation of vegetation(quantity,distribution,quality)and soil properties should be strengthened for developing real eco-hydrological models and smart decision-making tools for integrated forest-water management.This study is conducive to strengthening the interdisciplinary,multi-scale,and multi-objective research on the integrated forest-water management in the future,and to strengthening the weak links in theory,technology and decision tools,for realizing the high-quality green development featured by the integrated forest-water management.
作者
王彦辉
于澎涛
张明芳
WANG Yanhui;YU Pengtao;ZHANG Mingfang(Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;School of Resources and Environment,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731,China)
出处
《人民长江》
北大核心
2025年第11期35-45,共11页
Yangtze River
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U20A2085,U21A2005)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2021ZW002)。
关键词
生态水文
森林
径流影响
流域模型
林水协调管理
eco-hydrology
forest
effect on runoff
watershed model
integrated forest-water management
