摘要
文章以辽宁省主栽高油大豆品种辽豆70、辽豆90及铁豆124为试验材料,探究不同种植密度与施肥水平对高油大豆农艺性状、产量及品质影响。结果表明,辽豆70在低密度适肥(D1F1)条件下籽粒产量最高,达3443.69 kg/hm^(2);辽豆90在高密度高肥(D3F3)条件下产量达峰值,为3883.26 kg/hm^(2);铁豆124在低密度高肥(D1F3)条件下产量表现最优,为4021.19 kg/hm^(2)。种植密度增加显著降低单株荚数、粒数及生物量,降幅达15%~40%;但群体产量可通过收获指数提升进行补偿,辽豆90在D3F3处理下收获指数较D1F1提高6.38%。辽豆70在D1F2处理下硬脂酸含量较D1F1提高14.76%,铁豆124在D3F2处理下硬脂酸含量较D1F1提高24.73%;辽豆90在D3F1处理下油酸含量较D1F3提高7.76%,铁豆124在D3F2处理下油酸含量较D1F1提高21.39%,同时亚油酸含量降低18.20%。当种植密度由D1增至D3时,铁豆124棕榈酸、硬脂酸含量分别上升3.87%、9.75%;辽豆70油酸含量上升4.76%;铁豆124亚油酸、辽豆70亚麻酸含量分别下降5.22%、3.84%,总脂肪含量无显著差异。综上,辽宁主栽高油大豆品种需实施差异化肥密管理,其中辽豆70适用低密度适肥(D1F1),辽豆90适配高密度高肥(D3F3),铁豆124需低密度高肥(D1F3)。
This article used the main high-oil soybean cultivars Liaodou 70,Liaodou 90,and Tiedou 124 grown in Liaoning Province as experimental materials,to investigate the different effects of planting density and fertilization levels on the agronomic traits,yield,and quality of high-oil soybean cultivars.The results showed that the seed yield of Liaodou 70 was highest under low density with moderate fertilization(D1F1),reaching 3443.69 kg/ha;Liaodou 90 achieved its peak yield under high density with high fertilization(D3F3),reaching 3883.26 kg/ha;and Tiedou 124 performed best under low density with high fertilization(D1F3),achieving 4021.19 kg/ha.Increasing planting density significantly reduced the number of pods per plant,seeds per plant,and biomass(with a reduction of 15%-40%),but the population yield could be compensated by an increase in the harvest index.The yield index of Liaodou 90 under D3F3 was increased by 6.38%compared to D1F1.The stearic acid content of Liaodou 70 under D1F2 treatment was increased by 14.76%compared to D1F1,and the stearic acid content of Tiedou 124 under D3F2 treatment was increased by 24.73%compared to D1F1;the oleic acid content of Liaodou 90 under D3F1 treatment was increased by 7.76%compared to D1F3,and the oleic acid content of Tiedou 124 under D3F2 treatment was increased by 21.39%compared to D1F1,while the linoleic acid content was decreased by 18.20%.When the planting density increased from D1 to D3,the palmitic acid and stearic acid content of Tiedou 124 increased by 3.87%and 9.75%,respectively;the oleic acid content of Liaodou 70 increased by 4.76%;the linoleic acid content of Tiedou 124 and the linolenic acid content of Liaodou 70 decreased by 5.22%and 3.84%,respectively;there was no significant difference in the total fat content.In summary,the main high-oil soybean varieties planted in Liaoning Province need to implement differential fertilizer density management.Among them,Liaodou 70 was suitable for low-density and suitable fertilizer(D1F1),Liaodou 90 was suitable for high-density and high fertilizer(D3F3),and Tiedou 124 required low-density and high fertilizer(D1F3).
作者
张立军
王昌陵
孙旭刚
孙贺祥
李盛有
曹永强
王文斌
ZHANG Lijun;WANG Changling;SUN Xugang;SUN Hexiang;LI Shengyou;CAO Yongqiang;WANG Wenbin(Crop Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China)
出处
《大豆科技》
2025年第6期9-16,48,共9页
Soybean Science & Technology
基金
农业生物育种国家科技重大专项项目(2023ZD0403205-05)
辽宁省农业重大专项项目(2022JH1/10200002)
国家现代农业产业技术体系大豆产业辽宁创新团队建设项目
沈阳市科技局种业创新专项项目(24-215-2-01)
辽宁省农业科学院基本科研业务费项目(2025XKJS8506)
辽宁省农业科学院院长基金项目(2024YQ0402)
辽宁省兴辽英才计划项目(XLYC2403083)。
关键词
大豆
种植密度
施肥量
产量
品质
Soybean
Planting density
Fertilization level
Yield
Fatty acid composition
