摘要
生物入侵是导致全球生物多样性丧失和生态系统功能退化的重要原因,其中互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)是对我国滨海地区影响最大的入侵植物之一,对湿地生态系统结构、功能和鸟类栖息地等产生显著的负面影响。笔者收集了国内外关于互花米草入侵对滨海盐沼湿地鸟类栖息地影响的相关文献,综述了互花米草入侵过程及治理对滨海盐沼湿地鸟类栖息地可用性、食物可得性和生存成本等产生的生态效应。主要结论如下:①互花米草入侵初期,通过有性和无性生殖两种方式在湿地内快速扩张并形成稳定群落,侵占原生植物生存空间;互花米草的干扰导致底栖动物和昆虫(鸟类食源)群落稳定性降低,群落结构被改变,进而影响鸟类栖息环境。②当互花米草形成大面积单优种群落时,密集的植株进一步改变原生植物的群落结构和功能,阻断鸟类的觅食路径,导致鸟类栖息地可用性降低。此外,底栖动物和昆虫的群落结构及食性受互花米草入侵的影响发生改变,鸟类食源被进一步干扰。大多数鸟类在选择栖息地时回避互花米草,仅有少部分鸟类对互花米草产生适应。③互花米草被治理后,鸟类栖息空间逐渐恢复。治理对本土鸟类有利,但对已适应互花米草的鸟类可能带来不利影响。总结认为,目前关于互花米草入侵对鸟类栖息地要素影响的研究已趋于成熟,现阶段互花米草治理工程正在大范围实施,治理工程对鸟类栖息地影响的研究正在成为热点,未来可从不同迁徙习性的鸟类生境可用性等方面监测互花米草治理工程实施后的变化,充实互花米草入侵及治理对滨海盐沼湿地鸟类栖息地影响的研究内容,为滨海盐沼湿地鸟类生物多样性保护提供依据。
Biological invasions are a key cause of global biodiversity loss and the degradation of ecosystem functions.The introduction of Spartina alterniflora into China s coastal regions has adversely affected the structure and functionality of wetland ecosystems,as well as bird habitats.This review collates relevant literature from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS)databases on the impact of S.alterniflora invasion on avian habitats in coastal salt marsh wetlands.It synthesizes the ecological implications of the S.alterniflora invasion process and management measures for bird habitat availability,food supply,and survival costs in coastal wetlands.The objective is to establish a reference framework for avian diversity conservation and habitat restoration in coastal salt marsh wetlands.The results showed that:(1)During the initial stages of invasion,S.alterniflora forms stable communities and expands rapidly in wetlands through both sexual and asexual reproduction,thereby reducing the living space of native plants.Bird food sources are disrupted by S.alterniflora,leading to reduced community stability and altered structure,which subsequently affects bird habitats.(2)Once S.alterniflora establishes its dominant community,the dense vegetation further disrupts the structure and functions of native plant communities,obstructing bird foraging paths and reducing habitat availability.Moreover,benthic fauna and insect communities are disturbed by S.alterniflora,leading to changes in their community structure and feeding habits,thus further disrupting bird food sources.Most birds tend to avoid S.alterniflora,with only a small proportion able to adapt to it.(3)The management of S.alterniflora can facilitate the habitat restoration of bird habitats.While native birds benefit from control measures,those already adapted to S.alterniflora may experience adverse effects.We conclude that:Research on the effects of S.alterniflora invasion on avian habitat characteristics has made significant progress and the management project of this invasive plant is being implemented on a large scale simultaneously.In the future,research on the impact of treatment projects on bird habitat has become a research hotspot.We can distinguish the changes in the habitat availability of birds with different migratory habits after the implementation of the management of S.alterniflora,to enrich the study content on the impact of S.alterniflora invasion and management on the bird habitats in coastal salt marsh wetlands,and provide a reference for the conservation of bird biodiversity in coastal salt marsh wetlands.
作者
朱怡
吴永波
薛建辉
ZHU Yi;WU Yongbo;XUE Jianhui(College of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Institute of Botany,Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)
出处
《南京林业大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第6期281-290,共10页
Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences Edition
基金
江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目(LYKJ202202)。
关键词
滨海盐沼湿地
互花米草
生物入侵
鸟类栖息地
coastal salt marsh wetlands
Spartina alterniflora
biological invasion
bird habitats
