摘要
针对大蒜联合收获机在大蒜植株挖掘、拔取过程中常出现的破土碎土效果差、拔取阻力大、壅土严重等问题,设计了一种挖拔组合式大蒜联合收获装置。阐述和分析了该装置的整体结构和工作原理,通过动力学分析和理论计算,对关键部件的运动学物理量、受力情况、基本结构参数和空间位置关系进行了优化设计。利用EDEM-MFBD耦合仿真方法,建立了大蒜-土壤-挖拔装置接触模型,确定影响挖拔收获性能的关键因素,并对挖拔收获过程进行微观和宏观分析,探究了大蒜、土壤和挖拔收获装置之间的相互作用关系,揭示了挖拔收获机理。以整机前进速度、铲尖到夹持点水平距离和挖掘铲振动幅度为试验因素进行了单因素仿真试验,以土壤BOND键断裂数量、大蒜茎秆拉拔力和土壤隆起高度为试验指标分析了不同作业参数的影响,进行二次回归正交旋转组合试验。试验结果表明,当整机前进速度为434.3 mm/s、铲尖到夹持点水平距离为144.6 mm、挖掘铲振动幅度为6.1 mm,土壤BOND键断裂数量为78 283,大蒜茎秆拉拔力为20 N,土壤隆起高度为42.1 mm,挖掘、拔取效果最好。为验证优化后的挖拔收获装置作业性能,进行了田间试验,满足设计要求。
Aiming at the problems of poor soil breaking effect,high pulling resistance,and serious soil accumulation often encountered during the digging and pulling processes of garlic combine harvesters,a digging-pulling combination type garlic combine harvesting device was designed.The overall structure and working principle of this device were elaborated and analyzed.Through dynamic analysis and theoretical calculations,the kinematic physical quantities,force conditions,basic structural parameters,and spatial position relationships of key components were optimized.Using the EDEM-MFBD coupled simulation method,a contact model among garlic,soil,and the digging-pulling device was established to identify key factors affecting harvesting performance.Microscopic and macroscopic analyses were conducted on the digging-pulling process to explore the interaction relationships between garlic,soil,and the harvesting device,revealing the mechanism of combined digging and pulling harvesting.Single-factor simulation experiments were performed with machine forward speed,horizontal distance from shovel tip to clamping point,and vibration amplitude of the excavating shovel as experimental factors.Test indicators included the number of broken soil BOND bonds,pulling force on garlic stalks,and soil heave height.A quadratic regression orthogonal rotational composite experiment was then carried out.Results showed that optimal performance occurred at a forward speed of 434.3 mm/s,horizontal distance of 144.6 mm,and vibration amplitude of 6.1 mm,achieving 78283 broken soil BOND bonds,20 N pulling force on stalks,and 42.1 mm soil heave height.To verify the working performance of the optimized digging and harvesting device,field tests were conducted,which met the design requirements.
作者
侯瑞
刘鲁鹏
辛丽
沈景新
周凯
侯加林
李玉华
HOU Ruil;LIU Lupeng;XIN Li;SHEN Jingxin;ZHOU Kai;HOU Jialin;LI Yuhua(School of Artificial Intelligence,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing100876,China;College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;Shandong Maria Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Jining 272000,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences,Ji'nan 250100,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
北大核心
2025年第11期253-263,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2001204)
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-24-D-01)
山东省重点研发计划项目(2024TZXD072、2024TSGC0624、2024BTJH012)
山东省技术创新引导计划项目(YDZX2024032)。
