摘要
为满足玉米精量播种过程中对肥量实时监测与可视化的迫切需求,设计了基于实时肥量获取的施肥可视化系统。该系统利用薄面激光式肥量传感器实时获取施肥量,通过截断平均算法对肥量信号进行滤波和降噪处理,结合构建的施肥单体定位模型与滞后补偿算法,确定各行准确的施肥位置。基于ArcGIS平台实现了施肥位置与肥量的空间匹配、施肥图层的实时绘制与可视化显示,以及施肥数据的高效存储和追溯。试验结果表明:该系统能够实时、准确地可视化施肥量及其与目标肥量的偏差情况。在不同施肥量(75~300 kg/hm^(2))条件下,系统的平均肥量检测精度范围为93.46%~95.91%,平均施肥准确率偏差范围为3.60%~5.64%;在不同前进速度(6~15 km/h)条件下,系统的平均肥量检测精度范围为87.53%~93.77%,平均施肥准确率偏差范围为5.29%~10.90%。随着施肥量和前进速度的增加,肥量检测精度提高,施肥准确率偏差降低,表明系统在玉米高密度种植和高速作业条件下仍能保持稳定性能。田间试验结果表明,系统生成的肥量分布图与各试验区域的目标施肥量吻合度高,能够准确反映实际施肥情况,并实现历史数据的有效追溯。本研究为玉米播种过程施肥的实时监控与精准管理提供了可行的技术方案。
Aiming to address the urgent need for real-time monitoring and visualization of fertilizer application rates during corn precision seeding,a fertilizer visualization system based on real-time fertilizer application rate acquisition was designed.The system utilized thin-film laser-based fertilizer sensors to continuously monitor fertilizer application rates in real time.The fertilizer application rate signals were filtered and denoised by using a truncation averaging algorithm.Combined with a fertilizer application unit localization model and a lag compensation algorithm,the system determined the precise fertilizer application positions for each row.Based on the ArcGIS platform,the system achieved spatial matching of fertilizer application positions and fertilizer quantities,real-time drawing and visualization of fertilizer application layers,as well as efficient storage and traceability of fertilizer application data.Experimental results showed that the system can real-time and accurately visualize fertilizer application rates and their deviations from target rates.Under different fertilizer application rates(75~300kg/hm^(2)),the system's average fertilizer application rate detection accuracy ranged from 93.46%to 95.91%,with an average fertilizer application accuracy deviation range of 3.60%to 5.64%.Under different forward speeds(6~15km/h),the system's average fertilizer application accuracy ranged from 87.53%to 93.77%,with an average deviation in fertilizer application accuracy ranged from 5.29%to 10.90%.As fertilizer application rates and forward speeds were increased,the fertilizer application accuracy was improved,and deviations in fertilizer application accuracy were decreased,indicating that the system maintained stable performance under high-density planting and high-speed corn cultivation conditions.Field trial results showed that the fertilizer distribution maps generated by the system closely matched the target fertilizer application rates in each experimental area,accurately reflecting actual fertilizer application conditions and enabling effective traceability of historical data.The research result can provide a feasible technical solution for real-time monitoring and precise management of fertilizer application during corn sowing.
作者
和贤桃
王鑫鹏
文策昂
杨丽
米国华
张东兴
崔涛
HE Xiantao;WANG Xinpeng;WEN Ceang;YANG Li;MI Guohua;ZHANG Dongxing;CUI Tao(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Soil-Machine-Plant System Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100083,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期52-61,152,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2000402、2021YFD2000404)
国家农业科技项目-农业智慧施肥项目(20221805)
财政部和农业农村部:国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02)。
关键词
精准农业
玉米播种机
施肥监测
肥量可视化
施肥数据管理
precision agriculture
corn seeders
fertilizer application monitoring
fertilization visualization
fertilizer data management
