摘要
“伊斯兰国呼罗珊省”是阿富汗境内恐怖分子主动投靠域外恐怖组织“伊斯兰国”的产物,也是地方恐怖分子“国际化”的典型案例。它自成立起就公开挑战阿富汗塔利班,先是与之争夺阿富汗“圣战”领导权,继而又全盘否定阿塔政权的政治合法性。双方长期处于武装冲突状态,同时展开激烈的认知宣传战和民心争夺战。双方敌对的根源主要在于,“伊斯兰国呼罗珊省”创始成员对塔利班的政治背叛、双方争夺人力地盘等资源、政治目标尖锐对立、意识形态分歧加剧等。塔利班政权对“伊斯兰国呼罗珊省”的政策与其他国家的反恐政策别无二致,主要着力清剿其据点、强力打击其骨干和资金链、鼓励其普通成员投降并重返社会、削弱其社会基础等。这些政策已初见成效:“伊斯兰国呼罗珊省”如今已不再有公开据点,恐袭行动数量明显减少。但“伊斯兰国呼罗珊省”未被彻底打败,仍在继续行动并不断扩大行动范围,继续威胁着阿富汗国内和地区安全。“伊斯兰国呼罗珊省”的这种韧性既得利于阿富汗长期战乱和百废待兴的客观社会条件,也与其主观行为密不可分,尤其是在谋求增强吸引力、扩大招募、保持组织行动力等方面。2022年以来,“伊斯兰国呼罗珊省”加强线上和海外宣传招募行动,已建立起跨区域运送恐怖分子的网络,主动国际化的趋势明显加强,其对地区安全的影响值得关注。
Resulting from the terrorists in Afghanistan taking the initiative to join the extraterritorial terrorist organization Deash,the Islamic State-Khorasan Province(ISK)is a case of internationalization of local terrorists.Since its establishment,ISK has been overtly challenging the Afghan Taliban,first competing for the leadership of the“Afghan jihad”,and then denying the latter's legitimacy.Their hostility manifests itself in the ongoing armed conflicts,the fierce cognitive warfare and the battle for people's hearts and minds.The roots of the strong antagonism include,firstly,the political betrayal of the ISK's founding members against the Taliban.Secondly,the two sides competing for resources.Thirdly,the sharp opposition of their political goals as well as ideologies.The Taliban's policies toward the ISK are no different from other countries'counterterrorism policies,focusing mainly on eliminating its strongholds,striking its hardliners while encouraging the ordinary members to surrender,cutting off its financial chain,and weakening its social base.These policies have paid off:the ISK has lost its bases in Nangarhar and Kunar,and the number of its terrorist attacks has decreased significantly.It is far from being defeated,however.It continues to operate both in and outside Afghanistan,which keeps threatening both Afghanistan and the regional security.This resilience of the ISK is due not only to the objective social conditions of Afghanistan,but also to ISK's subjective efforts,especially the tactics by which it increases its attraction,expands it recruits,and maintains its organizational momentum.Since 2022,the ISK strengthened its internationalization efforts by more active online as well as overseas propaganda and recruitment operations.It has also established its own trans-regional transport networks.Its implications on the regional security are noteworthy.
作者
钱雪梅
QIAN Xuemei(School of International Studies,Peking University)
出处
《阿拉伯世界研究》
北大核心
2025年第6期50-77,154,155,共30页
Arab World Studies
