摘要
为了改善国内小区玉米育种收获机械装备缺乏、收获过程过于依靠人工的现状,设计了一种自走式小区玉米籽粒联合收获机。该机采用摘穗板-拉茎辊式摘穗、剥皮脱粒装置柔性脱粒,实现了一次性完成摘穗-剥皮-脱粒的作业要求。使用Design-Expert软件建立了因素与指标的响应面数学模型,分析了各因素与评价指标之间的关系并对影响因素进行优化。试验结果表明,各因素对果穗损失率影响的显著性顺序:摘穗台高度>前进速度>脱粒辊转速;各因素对籽粒破损率影响的显著性顺序:脱粒辊转速>前进速度>摘穗台高度;各因素对作业生产率影响的显著性顺序:前进速度>脱粒辊转速>摘穗台高度。各试验因素最优参数组合为机具前进速度2.12 m/s、摘穗台高度40 cm、脱粒辊转速700 r/min,此时果穗损伤率为0.26%、籽粒破损率为1.06%、作业生产率为0.20 hm^(2)/h。验证试验结果表明,果穗损伤率和籽粒破损率的实测值相对于预测值误差分别为0.08%和0.15%,预测模型可靠。研究结果可为玉米籽粒的机械化收获提供依据。
To address the current lack of mechanical equipment for corn plot breeding harvesting and the excessive reliance on manual labor in the harvesting process in China,a self-propelled plot corn grain combine harvester had been designed.It incorporated picking board and pulling stem roll for corn harvesting,coupled with a husking and threshing unit utilizing a flexible threshing method,thereby fulfilling the requirements of ear picking,husking and threshing.Employing Design-Expert software,a response surface mathematical model for factors and indicators was established,analyzing the relationships between each factor and evaluation criteria while optimizing the influencing factors.Experimental results indicated the significant impact sequence of each factor on ear loss rate as follows:ear-picking platform height>forward speed>threshing roll speed;for grain damage rate:threshing roll speed>forward speed>ear-picking platform height;and for operational productivity:forward speed>threshing roll speed>ear-picking platform height.The optimized parameter combination for each experimental factor was machine forward speed of 2.12 m/s,ear-picking platform height of 40 cm,and a threshing roll speed of 700 r/min,resulting in an ear loss rate of 0.26%,grain damage rate of 1.06%,and operational productivity of 0.20 hm^(2)/h.Verification experiments confirmed relatively low error between the measured and predicted values of ear loss rate 0.08%and grain damage rate 0.15%,validating the reliability of the predictive model.These research findings serve as a fundamental basis for the mechanized harvesting of corn grain.
作者
王彬
董学虎
张培
陈兴洲
Wang Bin;Dong Xuehu;Zhang Pei;Chen Xingzhou(Jiangsu Vocational College of Finance&Economics,Huai′an 223001,China;Hainan Agricultural Machinery Appraisal and Extension Station,Haikou 571100,China;General Station of Seeds in Hainan Province,Haikou 571100,China;Jiangsu Dereming Precision Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Huai′an 223001,China)
出处
《农机化研究》
北大核心
2026年第1期48-55,共8页
Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research
基金
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2020025)
江苏省产学研合作项目(BY20231437)。
关键词
小区育种
玉米收获
柔性脱粒
回归分析
plot breeding
corn harvesting
flexible threshing
regression analysis
