摘要
中国是梨属植物起源中心之一,梨栽培历史悠久,在果树产业中具有重要地位。中国梨种质资源丰富多样,梨种质资源为梨新品种选育和梨产业发展提供了重要物质保障。国家梨苹果种质资源圃(兴城)是最早建立的国家果树种质资源圃之一,收集保存梨种质资源总数已超过1600份,已为中国梨科研、生产与科普示范等提供了大量种质资源,在人才培养、乡村振兴和产业发展中发挥了重要作用。本文介绍了国家梨苹果种质资源圃(兴城)的发展历程和保存现状,围绕梨优异种质资源发掘、表型评价、亲缘关系分析、果实性状评价、抗性评价和基因组研究等方面工作,总结了近20年来梨种质资源圃对外提供利用和本圃科研取得的相关科研进展,回顾了为梨产业发展提供的技术支撑,并对未来的工作重点进行展望,以期为中国梨种质资源的有效利用和梨产业发展提供参考。
Pear belongs to the Rosaceae family,Pomaceae subfamily,Pyrus genus,and is cultivated all over the world.China has a long history of pear cultivation.It is generally believed that Pyrus originated in the mountainous areas of western or southwestern China during the Tertiary period,evolving and developing from east to west.The Pyrus plants are mainly distributed in Europe,North Africa,Asia Minor,Iran,Central Asia,China,Korea and Japan.In terms of geographical boundaries,the Pyrus plants distributing to the east of Tianshan and Xingdu Kush Mountains are called Oriental pears,while those to the west are called Occident pears.With the change of geographical environment,Pyrus plants gradually evolved into two major pear families and formed three secondary centers:China center,Central Asia center and Near East center.The scientific classification of Pyrus germplasm is of great significance for the collection,preservation,identification,evaluation and shared utilization of Pyrus germplasm resources.China has abundant and diverse Pyrus germplasm resources,which provide important material guarantees for pear breeding and pear industry development.The National Pear and Apple Germplasm Repository(Xingcheng)is one of the earliest established national fruit tree resource preservation repository in China,with the total collection and preservation of over 1600 Pyrus germplasm accessions.It has provided a large amount of resources for pear research,production and popular science education in China,and has played an important role in talent training,rural revitalization and pear industry development.During the past 20 years,with the increase and stable support of scientific research funding,pear researchers in China have carried out a large amount of research work on pear germplasm resources phenotype identification,resistance identification,fruit traits evaluation,functional component identification,molecular marker evaluation,transcriptome,genomics research and so on.Over the past 20 years,we have formulated 4 agricultural industry standards and 1 local standard related to pear germplasm resources evaluation,published 6 books on pear,published over 100 academic papers both domestically and internationally,acquired 13 national invention patents granted,obtained 5 software copyrights,and registered 22 hybrid pear varieties.Since the establishment of China Agriculture Research System of pear industry in 2009,the supply and utilization of pear germplasm resources have significantly increased,effectively supporting the implementation of scientific research projects and talent training.This article briefly introduces the development process and preservation status of the National Pear and Apple Germplasm Repository(Xingcheng),focusing on the excellent pear germplasm resources,phenotype evaluation,phylogenetic analysis,fruit traits evaluation,resistance evaluation and genome.It summarizes the relevant scientific research progress on the utilization of pear germplasm resources and the scientific researches in the National Pear and Apple Germplasm Repository(Xingcheng)during the past 20 years,and reviews the technical supports for industrial development,and looks to future research directions,in order to provide reference information for the effective utilization of pear germplasm resources and industrial development in the future.
作者
田路明
曹玉芬
董星光
张莹
齐丹
霍宏亮
徐家玉
刘超
王立东
TIAN Luming;CAO Yufen;DONG Xingguang;ZHANG Ying;QI Dan;HUO Hongliang;XU Jiayu;LIU Chao;WANG Lidong(Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Germplasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第11期2542-2557,共16页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-28-01)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-RIP)
国家园艺种质资源库项目(NHGRC2023-NH02-1)。
关键词
梨
种质资源
收集
保存
创新利用
Pear
Germplasm resources
Collection
Conservation
Innovative utilization
