摘要
沿海港口是我国对外开放的重要门户,高效的港口物流运作可以提高我国对外贸易的国际市场竞争力。同时,港口型国家物流枢纽的建设,也对港口物流效率提出了新的要求。分析我国沿海港口的物流效率,针对效率薄弱方面进行改进提升,对实现港口物流高效运作具有重要意义。以2020—2023年我国沿海主要规模以上港口为研究对象,运用超效率SBM模型和Malmquist指数模型对其物流效率进行分析。静态分析结果表明,2020—2023年间汕头港等6个港口实现了超效率运转,其余8个港口处于无效率状态,超效率港口资源利用效率和产出水平较高,无效率港口存在投入冗余和产出不足现象,同时,港口群内部存在港口发展不协调的情况;动态分析结果表明,2020—2023年间我国大部分沿海主要规模以上港口物流规模效率变化指数未发生明显改变,港口物流效率的提升主要依靠管理实践和技术革新等方面的提升。研究着眼于我国沿海主要规模以上港口,同时使用静动态分析对港口物流效率进行评价,充实了对我国沿海港口物流的研究内容,丰富了对沿海港口物流效率动态变化的研究,并针对港口物流存在的部分问题提出建议,可为港口建设提供参考。
Coastal ports serve as critical gateways for China's opening-up to the outside world,and efficient port logistics operations play a vital role in enhancing the international competitiveness of the nation's foreign trade.Meanwhile,the development of national logistics hubs centered on ports imposes new demands on port logistics efficiency.Analyzing the logistics efficiency of China's coastal ports and identifying areas for improvement are therefore essential to achieving high-efficiency operations.Taking major coastal ports above a designated scale from 2020 to 2023 as the research sample,this study employs the super-efficiency SBM model and the Malmquist productivity index to evaluate their logistics efficiency.Static analysis results show that 6 ports,including Shantou Port,achieved super-efficiency operations from 2020 to 2023,while the remaining 8 ports were inefficient.The super-efficient ports demonstrated higher resource utilization and output performance,whereas inefficient ports suffered from input redundancy and output insufficiency,indicating imbalanced development among port clusters.Dynamic analysis results reveal that the scale efficiency index of most major coastal ports remained largely unchanged between 2020 and 2023,and improvements in logistics effi ciency primarily stemmed from advancements in management practices and technological innovation.Focusing on major above-scale coastal ports in China,this study conducts both static and dynamic evaluations of port logistics efficiency,enriching the research on coastal port logistics in China and deepening the understanding of dynamic changes of their logistics efficiency.The findings also offer targeted recommendations to address inefficiencies and support the high-quality development of port logistics and infrastructure planning.
作者
牛晓雅
王喜富
孙迅
Niu Xiaoya;Wang Xifu;Sun Xun(Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)
出处
《物流技术》
2025年第11期31-42,共12页
Logistics Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71942006)。
