摘要
目的探讨2019—2023年辽宁省中小学生近视的分布特征,为制订区域化干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,对2019—2023年辽宁省中小学生进行视力筛查,包括远视力检查和屈光监测。采用χ^(2)检验进行组间比较,χ^(2)趋势检验进行趋势分析,采用全局及局部Moran’s I系数分析空间聚集性。结果2019—2023年辽宁省中小学生近视率分别为55.3%、55.6%、56.3%、59.8%和57.3%,随年份的变化整体呈上升趋势(χ^(2)趋势=231.57,P<0.01);女生近视率(59.0%、59.3%、59.5%、63.1%和60.8%)高于男生(51.7%、52.1%、53.3%、56.7%和53.9%),经χ^(2)检验,P均<0.01;城区近视率(58.5%、59.2%、60.1%、61.1%和59.4%)均高于郊县(50.9%、51.4%、51.7%、57.8%和53.8%),经χ^(2)检验,P均<0.01;近视率随年级的升高(2019年升高66.5%、2020年升高67.5%、2021年升高67.9%、2022年升高63%、2023年升高68.9%)整体呈上升趋势,经χ^(2)趋势检验,P均<0.01。近视分布存在由东向西、由南向北的两侧高中间低的分布趋势,其中大连、鞍山、丹东市等辽宁东南部地区为高-高聚集模式地区(P<0.05),沈阳市为高-低聚集模式地区(P<0.05)。结论2019—2023年辽宁省中小学生近视率整体呈上升趋势,在2022年明显升高后虽有下降,但防控形势仍不容乐观。近视分布存在着明显的空间聚集性,应针对高发的东南部地区,综合制订区域性近视防控策略。
Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Liaoning Province from 2019 to 2023,so as to provide basis for formulating regional intervention measures.Methods The myopia surveillance data for primary and secondary school students in Liaoning Province from 2019 to 2023 were systematically collected.In conjunction with vectorized electronic maps,spatial epidemiology and other analytical methods were employed to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of myopia.Results The myopia rates of primary and secondary school students in Liaoning Province from 2019 to 2023 were 55.3%,55.6%,56.3%,59.8%and 57.3%respectively,presenting an overall upward tendency over the years(χ^(2)=231.57,P<0.01).The myopia rate of girls(59.0%,59.3%,59.5%,63.1%and 60.8%)was higher than that of boys(51.7%,52.1%,53.3%,56.7%and 53.9%)(all P<0.01).The myopia rate in urban areas(58.5%,59.2%,60.1%,61.1%and 59.4%)was higher than that in suburban areas(50.9%,51.4%,51.7%,57.8%and 53.8%)(all P<0.01).The myopia rate rose with the increase of grade(66.5%in 2019,67.5%in 2020,67.9%in 2021,63%in 2022 and 68.9%in 2023),showing an overall upward trend(all P<0.01).The distribution of myopia exhibited a trend of being higher on both sides and lower in the middle from east to west and from south to north.Notably,Dalian,Anshan,and Dandong cities located in southeastern Liaoning demonstrated a high-high clustering pattern(P<0.05),Shenyang showed a high-low clustering pattern(P<0.05).Conclusions From 2019 to 2023,the myopia rate of primary and secondary school students in Liaoning Province has demonstrated an overall upward trend.Despite a decline after a notable increase in 2022,the situation regarding prevention and control remains rather unpromising.The distribution of myopia exhibits obvious spatial aggregation.Comprehensive regional myopia prevention and control strategies should be formulated for the high-incidence southeastern areas.
作者
叶茜雯
刘家起
丛龙娟
任航
高青
于连政
吴明
YE Qianwen;LIU Jiaqi;CONG Longjuan;REN Hang;GAO Qing;YU Lianzheng;WU Ming(School Health Office of LiaoningProvincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenyang 110170,Liaoning,China;Institute of Preventive Medicine,China Medical University,Shenyang 110170,Liaoning,China)
出处
《中国校医》
2025年第8期605-609,627,共6页
Chinese Journal of School Doctor
关键词
中小学
近视
监测
分布特点
空间流行病学
Primary and secondary schools
Myopia
Surveillance
Distribution characteristic
Spatial epide-miology
