摘要
自十九世纪钢壳船大量建造以来,船舰的底部一般都涂有防污涂料,用来预防附着生物的附着生长,以保证船舰底部的清洁。但是,由于船舰坞修间隔期过长,超过了防污涂料的有效期;或由于涂装条件的变化和涂刷施工不当,使防污涂料不能发挥应有的作用。这样,海洋中生存的大量附着生物的幼虫或胞子,就要逐渐地附着在船舰的底部。
Prolonged out-of-dock periods and the mistreatment of antifouling paints account for the existence of fouling organisms of the ship’s hull.In order to take preventive measures against fouling organisms investigations should be carried out on various aspects.The fouling conditions of 30 ships operating on the coastal waters of China,form the basis of this study with the aim of finding out the interrelation between service condition of ships and fouling organisms.The material for this study consisted of samples collested since 1963,from the-bow,the middle of the hull,the stern,the propeller blast and rudders when the ship is in dry dock.The results of observation and data on the analysis of samples are summarized in Table 1.Balanus amphitrite amphitrite Darwin,Balanus uliginosus Utinomi,Hydroides ezoensis Okuda,Mytilus edulis Linnaues,Styela clava Herdman,Tubularia marina Torrey,Ostrea plicatula Gmelin,etc.were the dominant fouling organisms.The average weight of fouler on earh ship varies from 31.5 g/m^(2)to 28074 g/m^(2).Heaviest fouling occur on the harbour tugs and floating cranes which spend a large proportion of their service period at rest.Although the number of species far less than that of the home port fouling community,frequency of occurence of a few dominant species is very high.Settlement on the ship’s hull is a gradual process.The fouling organisms at first settle on weld joints,rivets and sheltered corner,and then extend to other places.There is an actual sequence of settlement among the fouling organisms.The initially established population consists of barnacles and calcareous tube worms.Next to settle are the polyzoans,hydroids,oysters and mussels.The last to settle are those species such as tunicates and errant forms,which are less tolerant to poisonous substances.The fouling organisms may be uniformly or un-uniformly distributed on the ship’s hull.The interrelation between service condition of ships and fouling organisms is a dialectical relation;on one hand,the fouling organisms attached to the hull of the ship cause a decrease in speed and thereby cause an increase in fuel comsumption in order to maintain a given speed.On the,qther hand,the extent to which a ship is fouled depends on its service condition such as speed,operating waters,mooring berth and mooring periods etc.
作者
黄修明
倪维章
卢濠魁
崔可铎
Huang Xiuming;Ni Weizhamg;Lu Haokui;Cui Keduo(Institute of Oceanology,Academia Sinica)
出处
《海洋与湖沼》
1979年第1期82-89,共8页
Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica
