摘要
本文对我国沼泽研究的进展分五个方面作了总结:(1)通过对全国沼泽和泥炭的综合考察,查清了其分布、类型、成因、发育历史及资源储量;(2)综述了沼泽体的水文、气候、植被、土壤、动物、化学结构、制图、模型等方面的研究成就;(3)总结和提出具有中国沼泽特点的若干基本理论观点;(4)阐明了沼泽可以改造为农田、育林地、牧场,泥炭综合利用以及建立人工生态系统等开发途径,并强调其保护;(5)阐述沼泽考察和研究中,遥感技术和实验技术的应用。
The paper reviews the achievement of mire research in the past 30 years.The first section describes the comprehensive investigations on mres in different regions of China made by scientific workers.These mires included plain mire,mountain mire,plateau mire,seashore marsh and lakeshore marsh.Thorough investigation on the distribution,types,origins and developmental histories of mires in China have been made and a clear idea of the composition,property,type,formation history and reserves of peat produced in mires has been gained.The second section expounds some new areas of mire research.Mire,as a natural complex,is formed as a result of the interaction of various natural factors.Therefore the mire was studied not only as a natural complex,but from different factors that helped form it.Recently,some progress in the research on the hydrology,climate,vegetation,soil,animal,chemical structure,mapping and models of mires have been extended.The third section probes into the discipline theory.From the formation process,ecological environment characteristics chemical,physical,biological properties,mires differ from real water body,as well as land.It is a system of water-land interaction,characterized by semiwater and semi-land.In terms of the developmental law of mires,the theory of a unified developmental process is not completely applicable,and mire development possess is unlikely only in one patern.Accordingly,mire classification should not have only one uniform classification,but based on different distinguishing criteria.The fourth section discusses the exploitation and management of mires.Remarkable success in transforming and utilizing mires have been achieved.Mires can be transformed into farmland,afforestation land and pasture.Peat extracted can be used for multipurposes.On peatlands an artificial ecosystem of water-land may be established.At the same time attention should be paid to mire protection.The fifth section involves the application of experimental instruments and new technology in the research of peat and mires,such as 14C dating,analysis of peat plant residues with ele-ctronmicroscope,spore-pollen analysis,clay mineral analysis,X-diffraction and neutron activation analysis,etc..In the inventory of reed and peat resources,aerial space survey tech-昻ology have been applied.According to a variety of Landsat images,peat and reed resources have been inerpreted and inventoried.
作者
黄锡畴
马学慧
Huang Xichou;Ma Xüehui(Changchun Institute of Geography,Academia Sinica)
出处
《海洋与湖沼》
1988年第5期499-504,共6页
Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica
