摘要
在长期的载人航天任务中,复杂且极端的太空环境对宇航员的生理、心理及认知功能产生显著的影响,直接威胁任务的安全性和执行效率。脑机接口(brain-computer interface,BCI)技术作为连接大脑与外部设备的关键桥梁,通过精准采集和解析神经信号,为载人航天任务提供了创新的人机协同范式。非侵入式BCI技术在航天员选拔、训练、在轨任务执行及返回后康复等多个阶段展现出广阔的应用潜力。在任务准备阶段,BCI技术通过整合多模态信号评估与神经反馈训练,显著提升航天员的认知功能和心理韧性。在任务执行阶段,BCI技术能够实时监测航天员的生理与心理状态,并通过意念控制优化设备操作,从而提升任务效率与安全性。在任务结束返回后的康复期,BCI技术不仅能够结合非侵入式神经调控改善情绪与认知功能,还能够支持航天员的运动和认知恢复,并有助于其进行长期的健康管理。然而,BCI技术在航天应用中仍面临信号鲁棒性不足、系统自适应性有限及数据处理效率欠佳等挑战。未来,BCI技术应融合多模态生理传感器与深度学习算法,以实现精准监测和个性化干预,并结合虚拟现实及机器人技术开发智能化人机协作模式,为航天任务提供更高效的人机交互支持。
During long-duration manned space missions,the complex and extreme space environment exerts significant impacts on astronauts’physiological,psychological,and cognitive functions,thereby posing direct risks to mission safety and operational efficiency.As a key bridge between the brain and external devices,brain-computer interface(BCI)technology enables precise acquisition and interpretation of neural signals,offering a novel paradigm for human-machine collaboration in manned spaceflight.Non-invasive BCI technology shows broad application prospects across astronaut selection,mission training,in-orbit task execution,and post-mission rehabilitation.During mission preparation,multimodal signal assessment and neurofeedback training based on BCI can effectively enhance cognitive performance and psychological resilience.During mission execution,BCI can provide realtime monitoring of physiological and psychological states and enable intention-based device control,thereby improving operational efficiency and safety.In the post-mission rehabilitation phase,non-invasive BCI combined with neuromodulation may improve emotional and cognitive functions,support motor and cognitive recovery,and contribute to long-term health management.However,the application of BCI in space still faces challenges,including insufficient signal robustness,limited system adaptability,and suboptimal data processing efficiency.Looking forward,integrating multimodal physiological sensors with deep learning algorithms to achieve accurate monitoring and individualized intervention,and combining BCI with virtual reality and robotics to develop intelligent human-machine collaboration models,will provide more efficient support for space missions.
作者
鞠玉朦
刘嘉骏
李泽钧
刘一鸣
何海若
柳进
刘帮杉
王汨
张燕
JU Yumeng;LIU Jiajun;LI Zejun;LIU Yiming;HE Hairuo;LIU Jin;LIU Bangshan;WANG Mi;ZHANG Yan(Department of Psychiatry,Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha 410011;National Center for Mental Disorders,Changsha 410011;National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders,Changsha 410011,China)
出处
《中南大学学报(医学版)》
北大核心
2025年第8期1363-1370,共8页
Journal of Central South University (Medical Science)
基金
“脑科学与类脑研究”国家科技重大专项(2021ZD0202000)。
关键词
脑机接口
神经调控
航天
宇航员
认知
brain-computer interface
neuromodulation
aerospace
astronaut
cognition
