摘要
在高大空间建筑发生火灾时,不同的补风布局和建筑结构都会对烟气分布造成影响。采用FDS软件建立扁平式和下沉式高大空间建筑模型,探究采用自然补风方式的高大空间建筑在相同补风面积下不同补风口位置、数量和建筑结构差异引起的风量变化及烟气分布规律。结果表明:高大空间建筑补风口位置设置在距地约建筑高度1/6处,多个补风口均匀分布可使得不同补风布局的控烟效果达到最优,并且下沉式建筑结构更有利于降低室内温度和提高排烟效能;对立面补风整体风量和烟气层高度皆高于单面补风;长边补风较短边补风整体风量高约18%,且稳定性好,但烟气层高度低0.66m;补风口数量增加最高可提升约20%风量,26%烟气层高度,其中短边补风整体风量增大效果最为明显,长边补风烟气层高度上升最为明显;下沉式阶梯型建筑较扁平式建筑风量提升约15%,烟气层高度提高0.3m,室内温度梯度小,单面补风风量提升最为明显,对立面补风烟气分布更为均匀。研究结果可为高大空间建筑防排烟设计提供一定的参考。
When a fire occurs in a tall and large space building,the layout of the make-up air and the different building structures will affect the smoke distribution.The FDS software was used to establish the model of flat and sunken high-rise buildings to investigate the changes in air volume and smoke distribution caused by the different locations and numbers of air outlets and building structure differences in tall and large spale buildings with natural make-up air under the same make-up air area.The results show that:The location of make-up air outlets in tall and large space buildings is set at about 1/6 of the building height from the ground,the uniform distribution of multiple make-up air outlets can make the smoke control effect of different make-up air layouts reach the optimum,and the sunken building strueture is more conducive to lowering the indoor temperature and improving the efficiency of smoke evacuation;The overall air volume and the height of the smoke layer are higher than that of the single-side make-up air;The long-side make-up air is about 18%higher than the short-side make-up air,and the stability is good,but the height of the smoke layer is lower than that of the single-side make-up air by 0.66 m;The increase in the number of make-up air outlets can improve the air volume by 20%at the highest and the height of the smoke layer by 26%,among which the overall increase in the short-side make-up air is the most obvious,and the height of the smoke layer of the long-side make-up air is the most obvious;The sunken stepped building is about 15%higher than that of the flat building,and the smoke layer height is 0.3 m higher.The air volume of the sunken stepped building is approximately 15%higher than that of the flat building,with a 0.3 meter rise in smoke layer height and a smaller indoor temperature gradient.Among different makeup air modes,the air volume increase is most significant with single-sided makeup air,while the smoke distribution is more uniform with opposite-sided makeup air.The results of the study can provide a certain reference for the design of smoke prevention and exhaustion for high and large space buildings.
作者
陈晓坤
何烜
辛继
李洪彦
程方明
刘长春
CHEN Xiaokun;HE Xuan;XIN Ji;LI Hongyan;CHENG Fangming;LIU Changchun(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal Fire,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China;Ordos Fire Protection Technical Service Center,Ordos 017010,China;Xi'an Jierui Fire Protection Technology Co.,ltd.,Xi'an 710077,China;Xi'an Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety and Fire Rescue,Xi'an 710054,China)
出处
《西安科技大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期1078-1089,共12页
Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52174196)
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024SF-YBXM-657)
陕西省秦创原“科学家+工程师”队伍建设项目(2024QCY-KXJ-170)。
关键词
高大空间建筑
火灾模拟
补风布局
建筑结构
烟气分布
high and large space buildings
fire simulation
makeup air layout
architecture structures
smoke distribution
