摘要
黑木耳长棒栽培模式自21世纪初兴起以来,在浙江龙泉等传统南方产区得到了快速推广,效益良好。然而,随着近年来北方及西南地区黑木耳产业的快速发展,市场竞争日益加剧,南方黑木耳效益下降。本文介绍龙泉市黑木耳常规制棒工艺流程、所配备的机械设备,以及人工和能源成本,并指出其存在部分装备空白、自动化水平低等问题,导致生产流程工序多、人工投入量大以及能源成本高。针对这一现状提出对策:研发料棒自动整理及上架机、机械化接种配套料棒自动下架机、菌棒自动上架机等核心设备,升级全自动装袋设备、高效灭菌设备、机械化冷却设备和自动化接种及配套覆膜封口设备等,以实现全流程机械化贯通,从而突破产能瓶颈。最后,从政府引导、资金保障、产学研协同、示范推广和政策激励五个方面提出推动龙泉市黑木耳菌棒生产系统化、智能化升级的路径建议。
Since its emergence in the early 21st century,the“long-stick”cultivation system for Auricularia heimuer has been rapidly adopted in traditional southern production areas such as Longquan in Zhejiang,delivering strong economic returns.However,with the rapid expansion of the A.heimuer industry in northern and southwestern China in recent years has led to intensified market competition and declining profitability for southern producers.This paper details the conventional synthetic log production process for A.heimuer in Longquan City,as well as the associated machinery,and labor/energy costs.It identifies gaps in equipment and low automation levels,resulting in multi-step production processes,high labor intensity,and elevated energy expenses.To address this situation,the following countermeasures are proposed:developing core equipment such as automated substrate sorting and shelving systems for synthetic log;mechanising inoculation systems with automated unloading and feeding units;using robotic rackloading machines for inoculated synthetic logs.Deploy upgraded,fully automated bagging equipment,high-efficiency sterilization equipment,mechanized post-sterilization cooling equipment,and automated inoculation platforms with integrated film-sealing capabilities to achieve full mechanization throughout the process,thereby breaking through production capacity bottlenecks.Finally,five pathways are proposed to advance the systematic and intelligent upgrading of A.heimuer synthetic log production in Longquan City:government guidance,financial support,industry-academiaresearch collaboration,demonstration and promotion,and policy incentives.
作者
杨振华
吕明亮
李伶俐
吴伟章
陈永达
应国华
YANG Zhenhua;LÜMingliang;LI Lingli;WU Weizhang;CHEN Yongda;YING Guohua(Longquan Guyuan Automation Equipment Co.,Ltd,Longquan 323700,China;Lishui Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Fungi Resources Development and Utilization,Lishui 323000,China;Lishui Qixing Electric Power Co.,Ltd,Lishui 323000,China;Longquan Shangyang Town People’s Government,Longquan 323700,China)
出处
《食药用菌》
2025年第6期469-473,共5页
Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms
基金
浙江省农业农村厅2023年农业“双强”项目黑木耳全程机械化重点突破协同攻关续建项目。
关键词
黑木耳
菌棒成本
自动化设备
Auricularia heimuer
cost of synthetic logs
automated equipment
