摘要
生物质作为可再生碳资源,其高效转化与高值化利用是实现“双碳”目标的关键路径。溶剂萃取技术凭借高选择性、温和性及环境友好性等优势,已成为生物质组分分离与高值化转化的核心手段。本文系统总结了传统有机溶剂萃取、超临界流体萃取、离子液体萃取、低共熔溶剂萃取及水热/亚临界水萃取等主流技术的研究现状,分析了各技术在木质纤维素、脂类、酚类及生物活性成分分离中的应用特性与效率差异,考察了原料预处理、溶剂特性、工艺参数及协同技术等因素对萃取效率的影响,指出了该技术当前面临的溶剂成本高、回收困难、规模化能耗大及复杂基质分离选择性不足等关键问题。绿色溶剂定向设计、多技术耦合强化、智能化工艺优化及循环经济模式构建等是未来的重要发展方向。
As the renewable carbon resource,the efficient conversion and high-value utilization of biomass is a key path to achieve the"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals".Solvent extraction technology has become a core method for biomass component separation and high-value conversion due to its advantages of high selectivity,mildness and environmental friendliness.This paper systematically reviewed the research status of mainstream technologies such as traditional organic solvent extraction,supercritical fluid extraction,ionic liquid extraction,deep eutectic solvent extraction and hydrothermal/subcritical water extraction.The application characteristics and efficiency differences of each technology in the separation of lignocellulose,lipids,phenols and bioactive components were analyzed.The effects of raw material pretreatment,solvent properties,process parameters and synergistic technologies were investigated.The key problems of this technology such as high solvent cost,difficult recovery,large-scale energy consumption and insufficient selectivity of complex matrix separation were pointed out.Green solvent directional design,multitechnology coupling enhancement,intelligent process optimization and circular economy model construction are important development directions in the future.
作者
赵骏
牛佳
王文靖
陈兵
田星强
任瑜杰
时训先
刘硕
王雪娅
ZHAO Jun;NIU Jia;WANG Wenjing;CHEN Bing;TIAN Xingqiang;REN Yujie;SHI Xunxian;LIU Shuo;WANG Xueya(School of Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116,China;China Academy of Safety Science and Technology,Beijing 100012,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《化工矿物与加工》
2025年第11期70-82,共13页
Industrial Minerals & Processing
基金
江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20231067)
江苏省卓越博士后计划项目(2022ZB506)
煤清洁转化与高值化利用安徽省重点实验室开放课题资助项目(CHV22-04)。
关键词
生物质
溶剂萃取
绿色溶剂
组分分离
高值化利用
选择性
biomass
solvent extraction
green solvent
component separation
high-value utilization
selectivity
