摘要
清代乾嘉两朝“杀奸之情”的朝堂立场一度专注于对适用主体与情节等法定要件的廓清和既定律例概念的简化等。“登时杀奸除罪化”的适用主体由本夫、拒奸本妇及于本妇之子的同时,无直接情事关联的杀奸主体范畴则被逐步限缩。在大量附会“登时杀奸”的案件中,官方认为“以杀奸为名行逼杀之实”“虽目睹行奸但事后杀奸”两项情由最具代表性。在本夫无力杀奸时,官府不仅可“代为杀奸”,而且通过对“起意”等律例概念进行简化,从重调整亲母、嫡母、继母因奸杀子行为的法定刑度。此番规范司法的朝堂取向,有“无征不信”的乾嘉学风在司法裁断上的投射,也有对汉儒之学的呼应,同时也契合清代“登峰造极”的君权“重夫纲以明尊君之义”的用意。
During the Qianlong-Jiaqing Period of the Qing Dynasty,the court’s stance on cases of“killing adulterers”once focused on clarifying the statutory elements such as applicable subjects and circumstances,as well as simplifying the concepts of the existing laws and regulations.While the scope of subjects eligible for“exemption from punishment for killing adulterers on the spot”was expanded from the husband(of the adulterous wife)and the woman who resisted adultery to the woman’s son,the category of adulterer-killers with no direct connection to the case was gradually narrowed down.Among the numerous cases that falsely invoked the“killing adulterers on the spot”rule,the authorities identified two most representative scenarios:using“killing adulterers as a pretext to actually force someone to death”and“killing the adulterer after witnessing the adultery(rather than on the spot)”.When the husband was unable to kill the adulterer himself,the government could not only kill the adulterer on his behalf but also adjusted the statutory penalties upward for mothers including biological mothers,legal mothers(the primary spouses,distinct from concubines),and stepmothers by remarriage who killed their sons due to the adultery.This adjustment was achieved by simplifying legal concepts such as forming the intent to kill.This judicial normalization-oriented stance of the court reflected the Qianlong-Jiaqing academic tradition of“no credibility without evidence”in judicial adjudication.It also echoed the Confucian scholarship of the Han Dynasty and the alignment with the intention of the Qing Dynasty’s“supreme”imperial power to“emphasize the husband’s authority in the family to clarify the meaning of respecting the monarch”.
作者
张一民
ZHANG Yimin(Law School,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《湖南大学学报(社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第6期106-113,共8页
Journal of Hunan University(Social Sciences)
关键词
杀奸
原情断狱
乾嘉学风
刑政
killing adulterers
judging cases based on circumstances and intent
Qianlong-Jiaqing academic tradition
criminal administration
