摘要
为应对有害藻华对水产养殖及海洋生态系统造成的危害,文章综述了溶藻菌研究的最新进展,系统归纳了常见溶藻菌的溶藻途径,指出其既可通过直接接触(如分泌胞外酶破坏藻细胞结构)发挥作用,也可通过间接方式(如分泌活性氧或竞争营养物质以抑制藻类生长)实现溶藻效应。此外,溶藻菌的活性显著受温度、盐度、光照等环境因子影响,部分菌株表现出高度专一性,例如芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tequilensis D8)对赤潮藻具有特异性溶解能力。尽管溶藻菌在有害藻华防控方面展现出显著潜力,其实际应用仍面临诸多挑战,包括自然水体中藻类群体的抗性、复杂环境变量对菌株活性的干扰、潜在毒素残留风险,以及大规模生产与投放的技术瓶颈等。未来研究需借助多学科交叉手段,优化菌剂制备与施用策略,以推动藻华治理向安全、高效和可持续方向发展。
To mitigate the detrimental impacts of harmful algal blooms(HABs)on aquaculture and marine ecosystems,this paper reviews recent advances in the study of algicidal bacteria.It systematically analyzes the relationship between the categories of algicidal bacteria,their algicidal modes of action,and the underlying mechanisms.Challenges and future prospects for practical applications are also summarized.The common pathways of algal lysis are categorized into two primary modes:direct contact(e.g.,via secretion of extracellular enzymes to disrupt algal cell structures)and indirect actions(e.g.,through the production of reactive oxygen species or nutrient competition to inhibit algal growth).The activity of algicidal bacteria is significantly influenced by environmental factors such as temperature,salinity,and light.Some strains exhibit high specificity;for instance,Bacillus tequilensis D8 demonstrates targeted lytic activity against red-tide algae.Despite their promising potential for HAB control,practical applications face challenges including resistance in natural algal populations,interference from complex environmental variables,potential risks of toxin persistence,and technical bottlenecks in large-scale production and deployment.Future research should employ interdisciplinary approaches to optimize the preparation and application strategies of bacterial agents,thereby advancing HAB management towards safer,more efficient,and sustainable directions.
作者
傅义博
戴宸
马凯强
李士博
王秋珍
FU Yibo;DAI Chen;Ma Kaiqiang;LI Shibo;WANG Qiuzhen(Hebei Agricultural University,Qinhuangdao 066000,Hebei China)
出处
《黑龙江水产》
2025年第6期759-763,共5页
Northern Chinese Fisheries
基金
河北农业大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2025087,2025090)。
关键词
溶藻菌
有害藻华
生物防治
溶藻机制
algicidal bacteria
harmful algal blooms
biocontrol
algicidal mechanisms
