摘要
就乡村社会建设而言,农民广泛而深刻的参与既是发展的一种手段,也是发展的最终结果。深度推进乡村振兴的一项主要工作就是实现治理有序,提升乡村治理水平,这对农民积极主动并实质性地参与乡村治理提出了新的要求。然而,探察现实,可以发现一个典型问题就是农民参与权悬浮。农民参与权悬浮主要指农民在乡村治理中因受各种主客观因素的限制,其行使参与权受限的各种困境,具体包括参与主体活力式微、参与过程流于形式以及参与结果难以保证等。在参与个体层面,农民参与权悬浮主要表现为个体参与态度的消极及其参与手段的功利——“弃权”;在参与组织层面,农民参与权悬浮主要表现为村级组织的异化和村民自组织的弱化——“弱权”;在参与规则层面,农民参与权悬浮主要表现为非制度化参与、形式化参与以及差异化参与——“虚权”。为了充分调动农民参与乡村建设的积极性和创造性,切实保障广大农民在乡村建设过程中的民主权利和主体性,须以赋权理论为指导,构建制度化纾解路径,即通过个体赋权建立良好的参与主体能力,通过组织赋权提供有效的参与组织支持,通过规则赋权强化规则本身保障农民参与权行使的功能和作用,从而建构农民实质性参与乡村治理的良好秩序。
In rural social development,extensive and in-depth participation of farmers serves both as a means of development and the ultimate outcome.A key task in advancing rural revitalization in depth is to achieve orderly governance and improve rural governance capacity,which places new demands on farmers’proactive and substantive participation in rural governance.However,practical observations reveal a typical problem:the suspension of farmers’participation rights.This mainly refers to various difficulties farmers face in exercising their participation rights due to subjective and objective constraints,including the declining enthusiasm of participants,the formalization of the participation process,and the uncertainty of participation outcomes.At the individual level,the suspension of farmers’participation rights manifests as passive participation attitudes and utilitarian“abandonment”of participation methods;at the organizational level,it manifests as the alienation of village-level organizations and the weakening of villagers’self-organizations,i.e.,“powerlessness”;at the institutional level,it manifests as non-institutionalized participation,formalistic participation,and differentiated participation,i.e.,“nominal rights”.To fully mobilize farmers’enthusiasm and creativity in rural construction and effectively safeguard their democratic rights and subject status in the process of rural construction,we must take the empowerment theory as guidance to construct an institutionalized relief path.Specifically,we should enhance farmers’individual participation capabilities through individual empowerment,provide effective organizational support for participation through organizational empowerment,and strengthen the function of rules in safeguarding the exercise of farmers’participation rights through rule empowerment.In this way,we can establish a sound order for farmers’substantive participation in rural governance.
作者
靳永翥
韩汶霖
Jin Yongzhu;Han Wenlin
出处
《中州学刊》
北大核心
2025年第10期71-81,共11页
Academic Journal of Zhongzhou
基金
江西省社会科学“十四五”基金项目“全过程人民民主的村治实践与模式创新”(23ZZ01)。
关键词
乡村振兴
参与权悬浮
纾解路径
rural revitalization
suspension of participation rights
relief path
