摘要
随着高性能感知系统在遥感监测、智能安防和城市管理等领域的广泛应用,研究人员对成像系统在空间覆盖能力与图像细节解析能力方面提出了更高要求。然而,传统光学成像系统受限于空间带宽积,难以同时实现广域与高分辨率的图像采集。为突破这一瓶颈,广域高分辨成像系统应运而生,成为当前光电成像研究的重点方向。本文聚焦于传统系统中“广域”与“高分辨”难以兼得的核心矛盾,系统综述了4类具有代表性的广域高分辨成像架构:单设备扫描成像系统、多芯片拼接成像系统、多设备阵列成像系统以及多尺度成像系统。围绕成像机制、系统结构、技术瓶颈与应用适应性等方面进行深入分析,并对不同系统的优势与局限进行对比评述。同时,基于空间带宽积理论与透镜比例法则,揭示了传统成像系统在设计上的物理限制,并进一步展望多相机系统在多维成像、高速视频、大动态范围和多模态感知等方面的拓展潜力,为新一代智能成像系统的构建提供理论支持与发展思路。
With the widespread deployment of high-performance sensing systems in applications such as remote sensing monitoring,intelligent surveillance,and urban management,increasingly stringent requirements have been placed on imaging systems in terms of spatial coverage and image detail resolution.However,traditional optical imaging systems are fundamentally limited by the optical system’s space-bandwidth product,which defines the trade-off between field of view and resolution.To address this limitation,wide-area high-resolution imaging systems have become a major research focus in modern optical imaging research.This paper focuses on the inherent trade-off between field of view and resolution in conventional systems and presents a systematic review of four representative imaging architectures:single-device scanning systems,multi-chip mosaic systems,multi-camera array systems,and multi-scale imaging systems.Each architecture is examined in terms of imaging principles,system configuration,technical challenges,and application suitability,along with a comparative evaluation of its respective strengths and limitations.Furthermore,by grounding the discussion in the theories of space-bandwidth product and lens scaling laws,the paper reveals the physical constraints of traditional systems and explores the future potential of multi-camera architectures in areas such as multidimensional imaging,high-speed video,large dynamic range,and multimodal sensing.These insights provide theoretical guidance and strategic direction for the development of next-generation intelligent imaging systems.
作者
李廉洁
訾建齐
边丽蘅
Li Lianjie;Zi Jianqi;Bian Liheng(State Key Laboratory of Communication,Navigation and Surveillance(CNS)/Air Traffic Management(ATM),Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《光学学报(网络版)》
2025年第16期45-74,共30页
Acta Optica Sinica(Online)
基金
国家自然科学基金(62322502,61827901,62088101)
中央高校青年教师科研创新能力支持项目(ZYGXONJSKY⁃CXNLZCXM-I4)
关键词
成像系统
相机阵列
广域
高分辨
imaging system
camera array
wide field
high resolution
