摘要
大运河沧州段运东区域曾经是海泛区,长期遭受海水浸泡,土地盐碱化明显。沧州一带曾经是黄河入海口,是供给洛阳含嘉仓的九大粮仓之一。唐朝初年,沧州刺史薛大鼎开通无棣沟,使永济渠与渤海相连的通道更加多元顺畅。运东区域的“河海格局”与该地的芦盐外销密不可分,对后世影响很大。南宋时期,利用水道拦截南下的金朝铁骑,使黄河水道南移,是军事防御政策的体现。这些政策使沧州一带生态环境发生变化,粮食产量大不如前,但产盐量大增。到元朝建元大都(今北京),沧州一带变成距离北京四百里的畿辅之地。明清时期,芦盐成为宫廷膳食首选。由于海盐需要借助大运河外运,该区域的河海关系更为密切。一直到清末,河海格局稳定发展。历史上对大运河沧州段、捷地减河的治理,都是因势利导,顺其自然地挖浅、拓宽。考古资料也证明,从古至今,大运河沧州段河道变化不大。由于该地水系和土壤条件复杂,对于自然环境问题,不能以传统的观点一概而论。大运河等河流带给沧州的环境变化,在带来社会变迁的同时,也映射着时代变迁。
The Yundong area of the Cangzhou section of the Grand Canal was once a flooded area,where seawater was soaked for a long time,resulting in significant salinization of the soil.The area around Cangzhou used to be the mouth of the Yellow River.This land was one of the nine major grain depots supplying the Hanjia Warehouse in Luoyang.In the early years of the Tang Dynasty,Xue Dading,the governor of Cangzhou,opened the Wudi Canal,making the connection between Yongji Canal and Bohai Sea more diverse and smooth.The“River Sea Pattern”in the canal area is closely related to the export of salt in the area,which has a great influence on later generations.During the Southern Song Dynasty,the use of waterways to intercept the southward of Jin Dynasty and establish paddy fields in the Cangzhou area leading to the southward movement of the Yellow River waterway,reflecting military defense policies.These policies have caused changes in the ecological environment in the Cangzhou area,resulting in a decrease in grain production compared to before,but a significant increase in salt production.During the Yuan Dynasty,the Grand Canal was straightened.The dredging of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal turned the area around Cangzhou into a region within 400 li of Beijing,a part of the capital’s immediate vicinity.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the salt became the preferred dietary choice for the court.Since sea salt needs to be transported through the Grand Canal,the relationship between the river and the sea in the region is closer.Until the end of the Qing Dynasty,the“River Sea Pattern”developed steadily.In history,the management of the Cangzhou section of the Grand Canal and the Jiedijian River was guided by the situation and naturally excavated and widened.Archaeological data also proves that the river channel has not changed much from ancient times to the present.Due to the complex water system and soil conditions in the area,natural environmental issues cannot be generalized from a traditional perspective.The environmental and social changes brought by rivers such as the Grand Canal to Cangzhou also reflect the changes of the times.
出处
《运河学研究》
2025年第1期26-47,270-271,共24页
Canal Studies
基金
沧州师范学院校内科研基金项目“京津冀大运河区域的日常生活史研究”(xnjjw1901)阶段性成果
关键词
环境史
大运河沧州段
“河海格局”
Environmental History
the Cangzhou Section of the Grand Canal
“River Sea Pattern”
