摘要
糖基转移酶(UGT)是催化药用植物活性成分糖基化修饰的关键酶,直接决定了三萜皂苷、萜类内酯、生物碱及黄酮类化合物的水溶性、稳定性和药理活性。本文系统综述了UGT在多种药用植物(如人参、三七、甘草、青蒿等)活性成分生物合成中的功能与分子机制,重点阐述了其“启动”与“延伸”催化特性、底物选择性及在多糖链组装中的精密调控作用。尽管已在部分物种中取得突破,但诸多关键UGT仍有待挖掘,其协同机制尚不明确。未来研究将聚焦于UGT的理性设计与合成生物学应用,为实现天然药物的高效生物制造提供理论依据与技术支撑。
Glycosyltransferases(UGTs)are key enzymes that catalyze the glycosylation modification of active ingredients in medicinal plants,directly determining the water solubility,stability,and pharmacological activity of triterpenoid saponins,terpenoid lactones,alkaloids,and flavonoids.This review systematically summarizes the functions and molecular mechanisms of UGTs in the biosynthesis of active compounds in various medicinal plants,with a focus on their“initiating”and“elongating”catalytic characteristics,substrate selectivity,and precise regulatory roles in polysaccharide chain assembly.Although breakthroughs have been made in certain species,many critical UGTs remain to be discovered,and their synergistic mechanisms are still unclear.Future research will focus on the rational design of UGTs and their synthetic biology applications,providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient biomanufacturing of natural medicines.
作者
徐婧仪
杨贺
景子杰
郑佳靓
石玥
XU Jingyi;YANG He;JING Zijie;ZHENG Jialiang;SHI Yue(School of Biology and Medicine,Beijing City University,Beijing 100094,China)
基金
北京城市学院“大学生创新创业训练计划”项目资助(S202511418092)
北京城市学院研究生科研创新项目(Yjscx202530)。
关键词
药用植物
活性成分:糖基转移酶
分子机制
medicinal plants
active ingredients
glycosyltransferases
molecular mechanism
