摘要
在以“存量提质增效”为主的城市更新背景下,城市边角“消极空间”逐渐转变为周边社区老年人日常活动的重要场所,提升其适老化水平对推动健康老龄化具有重要意义。从老年行为特征出发,以环境与行为适配为准则,结合现有建成环境适老化评价标准,构建桥下空间适老化评价指标体系。以昆明市西苑立交桥为研究对象,借IPA分析法提出指标分级与匹配关联的评价方法,分析桥下空间环境与老年人群行为的适配程度。发现,桥下空间的健身、娱乐、休憩及无障碍设施配备不足,步行安全性、空间联系度、代际交互性、包容性、空气质量、绿化舒适性、嗅觉体验度及活动开展水平的适配度较低。基于此,研究从生存维续行为、社交联结行为及自我发展行为三个维度提出桥下空间环境适老化优化设计目标与策略,以期为同类桥下空间的更新利用提供借鉴。
In the context of urban renewal focusing on"enhancing quality and efficiency of inventory spaces,"the"negative"spaces in cities are gradually becoming important sites for elderly people's daily activities in surrounding communities.The age-friendly renovation of these spaces is important for promoting healthy aging and optimizing high-density urban public spaces.As typical inventory spaces in urban areas,underpass spaces have substantial potential for adaptive reuse.However,existing renovation practices often emphasize functional and landscape improvements,while lacking in-depth consideration of the behavioral needs of the elderly and environmental compatibility.This study establishes an evaluation system for the age-friendly adaptation of urban underpass spaces based on the"environment-behavior"fit.Moreover,an empirical investigation based on Xiyuan Interchange in Kunming was conducted.Grounded in environmental behavior studies and personenvironment fit theory,this study elaborates on the"environment-behavior"dynamic adaptation mechanism and emphasizes that the degree of fit is the core driver of the interactive cycle between environment and behaviors.Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs,elderly people's behaviors in public spaces are divided into three types:survival maintenance,social connection,and self-development.The environmental support conditions for each type were analyzed systematically.Following an approach of"theory-driven→behavior analysis→environment mapping→indicator selection,"the study develops a comprehensive evaluation system comprising three dimensions,nine environmental conditions,and 27 specific indicators.Methodologically,an Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA)was employed."Importance"was used to represent behavioral demand,and"satisfaction"was used to express environmental support.Weights of indicators were determined using the entropy method.The high,medium,and low fit relationships were identified,providing a nuanced depiction of the degree of fit between the environment and behavior.An empirical study was conducted on the Xiyuan Overpass in Kunming through questionnaires,behavioral annotations,and on-site observations.Data collection,collation,and analysis found that 1)older users exhibit significant environmental agency;they can transform some environmental constraints(e.g.,noise)into behavioral opportunities through cognitive restructuring and behavioral adaptation,thereby turning"negative spaces"into"permissive spaces".2)The IPA results indicate that there are notably insufficient fitness,recreation,resting,and accessibility facilities in underpass spaces.Key indicators such as pedestrian safety,spatial connectivity,intergenerational interaction,inclusiveness,air quality,greenery comfort,olfactory experience,and activity implementation exhibit low degrees of fit.These are major barriers to age-friendly adaptation.Consequently,three optimization strategies were proposed:1)for survival-oriented behaviors,adaptations should optimize functional layout,supplement fitness and flexible facilities,and implement"quiet traffic"measures to ensure safety;2)for social behaviors,it should enhance spatial connectivity and inclusiveness to support diverse collective activities;and 3)for self-development behaviors,it should improve greenery and air quality,add resting and recreational facilities,and create platforms for talent display to enrich the space's spiritual and cultural value.This study's systematic integration of"environmentbehavior"fit into the evaluation and optimization of underpass spaces provides feasible evaluation tools and design strategies for age-friendly renovation of similar urban stock spaces.Moreover,it highlights that urban renewal practices should pay more attention to user subjectivity and dynamic fit than to static labeling of spaces.It should promote the transition of space governance logic to the"top-down coordination and proactive creation"mode,thus enabling the more effective exploration of the potential of inventory spaces in urban areas to build a healthy agefriendly society.
作者
翟辉
段瑞强
陶楠
ZHAI Hui;DUAN Ruiqiang;TAO Nan
出处
《南方建筑》
北大核心
2025年第11期1-14,共14页
South Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52408065):云南高原湖滨历史城镇的地方性景观“文化-生态”耦合研究
云南省科技厅基础研究面上项目(202401CF070132):面向“绿美+”生活圈空间绩效的城市公共绿地公平性布局优化—以昆明为例
云南省人培基金项目(KKZ3202464052):昆明老城区历史层积解译与活化利用。
关键词
环境-行为
适配性
适老化
城市更新
立交桥下空间
昆明西苑立交桥
environment-behavior
fit
age-friendly adaptation
urban renewal
underpass space
Xiyuan Interchange,Kunming
