摘要
炸药球晶因其独特的微纳多级结构、多晶界和宏观上的各向同性,在安全、力学、释能效应等方面表现出许多优异或特殊性能,是当前炸药晶体形态调控的研究热点。本研究介绍了球晶概念、内涵和形态特征,系统总结了目前已报道的十二种炸药球晶的制备方法和性质性能研究状况,分析了影响炸药球晶的形成与形态特征的关键因素;讨论了晶体结构、添加剂与非晶体学分叉的作用机理;总结了炸药球晶在安全性、燃烧性能和力学性能等方面的变化规律并探讨原因。结合炸药球晶的发展现状和问题挑战,从形成机理、规模制备、纯度提升、表征方法、构效关系以及数据模型等六个方面进行了总结与展望。
The explosive spherulites,characterized by their unique micro-nano multi-level structure,multiple grain boundaries,and macroscopic isotropy,present exceptionally advantages in terms of safety,mechanical properties,and energy release,making them a key focus in the morphological control of explosive crystals.This review introduces the concept,connotation,and morphological characteristics of spherulites,and summarizes the preparation methods,characteristics,and performances of the twelve reported explosive spherulites.Preparation techniques include solvent anti-solvent method,cooling method,melting method,membrane emulsification,microchannel technology,and solvent-thermal coupling reaction crystallization,among them the solvent anti-solvent method being the most prevalent.The formation process,morphological traits,and critical preparation factors of different spherulites are analyzed,while the interaction mechanisms among crystal structures,modifiers,and non-crystallographic branches are discussed.It also highlights the changes in safety,combustion performance,and mechanical properties,exploring the underlying reasons for these variations.In response to the current challenges in the development of explosive spherulites,relevant suggestions are proposed from six aspects:formation mechanism,characterization method,scale-up preparation,quality control,structure-activity relationship,and data modeling.
作者
李洪珍
周鑫
LI Hong-zhen;ZHOU Xin(Institute of Chemical Materials,China Academy of Engineering Physics(CAEP),Mianyang 621999,China)
出处
《含能材料》
北大核心
2025年第11期1354-1376,共23页
Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials
基金
国家自然科学基金(22175159)。
