摘要
深圳作为改革开放最前沿的城市,是我国外来植物入侵情况最严重的地区之一。为评估深圳市外来植物危害风险,对森林、湿地、农田、市政公园4类生态系统共计40个区域开展野外调查,共记录外来植物57种,隶属于19科42属,其空间分布集中于低海拔(<300 m)、人为管理薄弱区(路边、荒地、水库周边)及群落结构简单生境(草丛、人工林)。同时运用国际通用的有害生物风险分析法(Pest Risk Analysis,PRA),评估深圳市外来植物危害风险指数R,结果表明,外来入侵植物(2≤R<3)10种(薇甘菊、五爪金龙、空心莲子草、光荚含羞草、三叶鬼针草、马樱丹、飞机草、银合欢、南美蟛蜞菊、假臭草)、潜在入侵风险植物(1.5≤R<2)13种、低入侵风险植物(R<1.5)34种。据此提出危害风险指数R≥1.5的外来植物应禁止引入;1≤R<1.5的应检疫限制引入;R<1的有条件批准引入。基于现场调查和风险评估结果,本研究提出了外来入侵植物管控措施,以期为深圳市外来植物管控提供依据和技术支持。
Shenzhen,the vanguard of China's reform and opening-up,is one of the most severely invaded cities by exotic plants in the country.To assess the risk of exotic plant hazards in Shenzhen,field investigations were conducted in a total of 40 areas of four types of ecosystems,namely forests,wetlands,farmlands and municipal parks.A total of 57 exotic plants,belonging to 42 genera of 19 families,were recorded.Its spatial distribution is concentrated in low-altitude areas(<300 m),areas with weak human management(such as roadsides,wastelands,and around reservoirs),and habitats with simple community structures(such as grasslands and artificial forests).Meanwhile,the internationally common Pest Risk Analysis(PRA)method was used to assess the hazard risk index R of exotic plants.The results showed that 10 species of invasive alien plants(2≤R<3),including Mikania micrantha,Tephrosia vogelii,Alternanthera philoxeroides,Mimosa pigra,Bidens pilosa,Lantana camara,Eupatorium odoratum,Acacia farnesiana,Wedelia trilobata,and Ageratum conyzoides,13 species with potential invasion risks(1.5≤R<2),and 34 species with low invasion risks(R<1.5).On this basis we propose black-listing of species with R≥1.5,phytosanitary restriction for 1≤R<1.5,and conditional approval for R<1.Based on the results of field investigation and risk assessment,this study put forward the control measures of alien invasive plants,in order to provide a basis and technical support for the control of xotic plants in Shenzhen.
作者
刘松
陈龙
孙芳芳
杨坤
LIU Song;CHEN Long;SUN Fang-fang;YANG Kun(Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science,Shenzhen 518001,China)
出处
《环境生态学》
2025年第11期11-16,共6页
Environmental Ecology
基金
亚洲开发银行项目“广东高度城市化地区海岸带生态保护修复策略和政策体系研究”(57113-001)资助。
